TypeScript类型缩小

什么是类型缩小？

• 类型缩小的英文是Type Narrowing ;
• 我们可以通过类似于typeof padding === "number”的判断语句，来改变TypeScript的执行路径;
• 在给定的执行路径中，我们可以缩小比声明时更小的类型，这个过程称之为缩小;
• 而我们编写的 typeof padding === "number可以称之为类型保护( type guards ) ;

- 常见的类型缩小主要有如下几种：

1. typeof
2. 平等缩小(比如===、!== )
3. instanceof
4. in

1、typeof

 type IDType = number | string;

function prientID(id: IDType) {
  if (typeof id === "string") {
    console.log(id.toLocaleUpperCase);
  } else {
    console.log(id);
  }
}

2、平等缩小(比如===、!== )

type Direction = "left" | "right" | "center";
function prientDirection(direction: Direction) {
    if (direction === "left") {
      console.log(direction);
    }
    switch (direction) {
      case "left":
        console.log(direction);
        break;
      case 'center':
          console.log(direction)
      ...
    }
}

3、instanceof

function prientTime(time:string | Date){
    if(time instanceof Date){
        console.log(time.toUTCString)
    }else{
        console.log(time)
    }
}

4、in

type Fish = { swinming: () => void };
type Dog = { running: () => void };

function walk(animal: Fish | Dog) {
    if('swinming' in animal){
        animal.swinming
    }else{
        animal.running
    }
}
const fish: Fish = {
  swinming() {
    console.log("swinming");
  },
};