GUI之布局管理器

布局管理器五种。

前三种比较简单的：流式、边界、网格布局管理器。

import java.util.*;  
import java.io.*;  
import java.awt.*;  
import java.awt.event.*;  
import java.util.Random;  
public class SU {  
    public static void main(String[] args){  
        final Frame f=new Frame("我的窗体！");  
    //  f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,20,30));  
        f.setLayout(new BorderLayout());//设置一个布局管理器  
        f.setSize(400, 400);  
        f.setLocation(300, 200);  
        f.setVisible(true);  
        Button bnt1=new Button("东部");  
        Button bnt2=new Button("西部");  
        Button bnt3=new Button("南部");  
        Button bnt4=new Button("北部");  
        Button bnt5=new Button("中部");  
        //创建好的按钮添加到窗体中  
        f.add(bnt1, BorderLayout.EAST);  
        f.add(bnt2, BorderLayout.WEST);  
        f.add(bnt3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);  
        f.add(bnt4, BorderLayout.NORTH);  
        f.add(bnt5, BorderLayout.CENTER);  
              
        final Frame f1=new Frame("我的窗体2！");  
        f1.setLayout(new GridLayout(4,3));  
        f1.setSize(400, 400);  
        f1.setLocation(300, 200);  
        for(int i=1;i<=9;i++){  
            Button btn1=new Button("button"+i);  
            f1.add(btn1);  
        }  
        f1.setVisible(true);  
        /* 
        Button btn1=new Button("第一个按钮"); 
        f.add(btn1); 
        btn1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { 
            private int  num=1;//用来记录按钮个数 
            @Override 
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { 
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
                f.add(new Button("第"+ ++num +"个按钮")); 
                f.setVisible(true); 
            } 
        }); 
        */  
        f.setVisible(true);  
        //实现窗口可关闭。  
        MyWindowListener mw=new MyWindowListener();  
        f.addWindowListener(mw);  
        f1.addWindowListener(mw);  
        //  
          
    }  
}  
//让窗口能关闭  
//创建MyWindowListener类实现WindowListener接口  
class MyWindowListener implements WindowListener {  
    // 监听器监听事件对象作出处理  
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {  
        Window window = e.getWindow();  
        window.setVisible(false);  
        // 释放窗口  
        window.dispose();  
    }  
    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {  
    }  
    public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {  
    }  
    public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {  
    }  
    public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {  
    }  
    public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {  
    }  
    public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {  
    }  

网格包布局管理器

书上的写法：定义了Layout类继承Frame类

import java.awt.*;  
class Layout extends Frame{  
    public Layout(String title){  
        //网格包布局管理器  
        GridBagLayout layout=new GridBagLayout();  
        GridBagConstraints c=new GridBagConstraints();  
        this.setLayout(layout);  
        c.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;//使组件足够大以填充整个显示区域  
        c.weightx=1;//设置横向权重为1  
        c.weighty=1;//设置纵向权重为1  
        this.addComponent("btn1",layout,c);  
        this.addComponent("btn2",layout,c);  
        this.addComponent("btn3",layout,c);  
          
        c.gridwidth=GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;//换行的作用。  
        this.addComponent("btn4",layout,c);  
          
        c.weightx=0;  
        c.weighty=1;  
        addComponent("btn5",layout,c);  
          
        c.gridwidth=1;//设置组件跨一个网格（默认值）  
        this.addComponent("btn6", layout,c);  
          
        c.gridwidth=GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;  
        this.addComponent("btn7",layout,c);  
          
        c.gridheight=2;//纵向跨两个  
        c.gridwidth=2;//横向跨一个  
        c.weightx=2;//横向权重为2  
        c.weighty=2;//纵向权重为2  
        this.addComponent("btn8",layout,c);  
          
        c.gridwidth=GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;  
        c.gridheight=1;  
        this.addComponent("btn9",layout,c);  
          
        this.addComponent("btn10",layout,c);  
        this.pack();//pack方法使用所有组件的最佳大小来计算框架的高度和宽度  
        this.setVisible(true);  
    }  
    private void addComponent(String name,GridBagLayout layout,GridBagConstraints c){  
        Button bt=new Button(name);  
        layout.setConstraints(bt,c);  
        this.add(bt);  
    }  
}  
public class SU {  
    public static void main(String[] args){  
          
        new Layout("111");  
          
    }  
}  

改写。声明Frame类，实现了窗口关闭。

import java.awt.*;  
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;  
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;  
import java.util.*;    
import java.io.*;      
import java.awt.event.*;    
import java.util.Random;   
public class SU {  
    public static void main(String[] args){  
        Frame f=new Frame("frame");  
        GridBagLayout layout=new GridBagLayout();  
        GridBagConstraints c=new GridBagConstraints();  
        f.setLayout(layout);  
        c.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;//使组件足够大以填充整个显示区域    
        c.weightx=1;//设置横向权重为1    
        c.weighty=1;//设置纵向权重为1   
        addComponent("btn1",layout,c,f);    
        addComponent("btn2",layout,c,f);    
        addComponent("btn3",layout,c,f);  
          
        c.gridwidth=GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;//换行的作用。    
        addComponent("btn4",layout,c,f);    
          
        c.weightx=0;    
        c.weighty=1;    
        addComponent("btn5",layout,c,f);    
            
        c.gridwidth=1;//设置组件跨一个网格（默认值）    
        addComponent("btn6", layout,c,f);    
            
        c.gridwidth=GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;    
        addComponent("btn7",layout,c,f);    
            
        c.gridheight=2;//纵向跨两个    
        c.gridwidth=2;//横向跨一个    
        c.weightx=2;//横向权重为2    
        c.weighty=2;//纵向权重为2    
        addComponent("btn8",layout,c,f);    
            
        c.gridwidth=GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;    
        c.gridheight=1;    
        addComponent("btn9",layout,c,f);    
            
        addComponent("btn10",layout,c,f);    
        f.pack();//pack方法使用所有组件的最佳大小来计算框架的高度和宽度    
        f.setVisible(true);    
        MyWindowListener mw=new MyWindowListener();    
        f.addWindowListener(mw);    
    }  
    public static void addComponent(String name,GridBagLayout layout,GridBagConstraints c,Frame f){    
        Button bt=new Button(name);    
        layout.setConstraints(bt,c);    
        f.add(bt);    
         
    }     
}  
class MyWindowListener implements WindowListener {    
    // 监听器监听事件对象作出处理    
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {    
        Window window = e.getWindow();    
        window.setVisible(false);    
        // 释放窗口    
        window.dispose();    
    }    
    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {    
    }    
    public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {    
    }    
    public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {    
    }    
    public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {    
    }    
    public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {    
    }    
    public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {    
    }    
}    

卡片布局管理器

import java.awt.*;  
import javax.swing.*;  
import java.awt.event.*;  
//定义Cardlayout继承Frame类，实现ActionListener接口  
class Cardlayout extends Frame implements ActionListener {  
    Button nextbutton,preButton;  
    Panel cardPanel = new Panel();              // 定义Panel面板放置卡片  
    Panel controlpaPanel = new Panel();        // 定义Panel面板放置按钮  
    CardLayout cardLayout = new CardLayout();// 定义卡片布局对象  
    public Cardlayout() {                        // 定义构造方法，设置卡片布局管理器的属性  
        setSize(300, 200);  
        setVisible(true);  
        // 为窗口添加关闭事件监听器  
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {  
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {  
                Cardlayout.this.dispose();  
            }  
        });  
        cardPanel.setLayout(cardLayout);      // 设置cardPanel面板对象为卡片布局  
        // 在cardPanel面板对象中添加3个文本标签  
        cardPanel.add(new Label("第一个界面", Label.CENTER));  
        cardPanel.add(new Label("第二个界面", Label.CENTER));  
        cardPanel.add(new Label("第三个界面", Label.CENTER));  
        // 创建两个按钮对象  
        nextbutton = new Button("下一张卡片");  
        preButton = new Button("上一张卡片");  
        // 为按钮对象注册监听器  
        nextbutton.addActionListener(this);  
        preButton.addActionListener(this);  
        // 将按钮添加到controlpaPanel中  
        controlpaPanel.add(preButton);  
        controlpaPanel.add(nextbutton);  
        // 将cardPanel面板放置在窗口边界布局的中间，窗口默认为边界布局  
        this.add(cardPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);  
        // 将controlpaPanel面板放置在窗口边界布局的南区，  
        this.add(controlpaPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);  
    }  
    // 下面的代码实现了按钮的监听触发，并对触发事件做出相应的处理  
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {  
        // 如果用户单击nextbutton，执行的语句  
        if (e.getSource() == nextbutton) {  
        // 切换cardPanel面板中当前组件之后的一个组件，若当前组件为最后一个组件，则显示第一个组件。  
            cardLayout.next(cardPanel);  
        }  
        if (e.getSource() == preButton) {  
        // 切换cardPanel面板中当前组件之前的一个组件，若当前组件为第一个组件，则显示最后一个组件。  
            cardLayout.previous(cardPanel);  
        }  
    }  
}  
public class SU {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Cardlayout cardlayout = new Cardlayout();  
    }  
}  

取消布局管理

取消布局管理后就必须设置坐标和大小来为组件在容器中定位

import java.awt.*;  
import javax.swing.*;  
import java.awt.event.*;  
public class SU {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Frame f=new Frame("hello");  
        f.setLayout(null);//取消frame的布局管理  
        f.setSize(300,150);  
        Button btn1=new Button("press");  
        Button btn2=new Button("pop");  
        //前面两个是位置后面两个是坐标  
        btn1.setBounds(40,60,100,30);  
        btn2.setBounds(140,90,100,30);  
        f.add(btn1);  
        f.add(btn2);  
        f.setVisible(true);  
        MyWindowListener mw=new MyWindowListener();      
        f.addWindowListener(mw);      
    }  
}  
class MyWindowListener implements WindowListener {      
    // 监听器监听事件对象作出处理      
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {      
        Window window = e.getWindow();      
        window.setVisible(false);      
        // 释放窗口      
        window.dispose();      
    }   
    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {      
    }      
    public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {      
    }      
    public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {      
    }      
    public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {      
    }      
    public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {      
    }      
    public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {      
    }      
     
}