从头到尾复习一遍MySQL

前头工作

最近面试，才发现以前用的贼熟的MySQL指令，现在都忘的差不多了，所以现在来复习一下。一下所有操作钧使用Mac电脑，终端运行。

mysql -u root -p #连接数据库

show databases;  #看看都有什么数据库

+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema |
| Student |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| practise |
| sys |
+——————–+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这个是我目前有的几个数据库。
数据表 –1.学生表 Student(SId,Sname,Sage,Ssex)

–SId 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别

–2.课程表 Course(CId,Cname,TId) –CId –课程编号,Cname 课程名称,TId 教师编号

–3.教师表 Teacher(TId,Tname) –TId 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名

–4.成绩表 SC(SId,CId,score) –SId 学生编号,CId 课程编号,score 分数

创建测试数据

学生表 Student

create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2017-12-30' , '女');
insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2017-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2018-01-01' , '女');

科目表

create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10))
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02')
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01')
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03')

教师表 Teacher

create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10))
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三')
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四')
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五')

成绩表 SC

create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1))
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80)
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90)
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99)
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70)
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60)
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80)
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80)
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80)
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80)
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50)
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30)
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20)
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76)
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87)
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31)
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34)
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89)
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98)

最后用select * from Sc来看一下所有的表有么有插入成功

推荐用可视化工具Selquel pro

练习题

mysql基本不分大小写

1. 查询” 01 “课程比” 02 “课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

select * from 
(select SId,score from SC where SC.CId = '01') as t1,
(select SId,score from SC where SC.CId = '02') as t2
where t1.SId = t2.SId
and t1.score > t2.score;

1.1 查询一个学生同时选择了” 01 “课程和” 02 “课程的情况

select * from 
(select SId,CId,score from SC where SC.CId = '01') as t1,
(select SId,CId,score from SC where SC.CId = '02') as t2
where t1.SId = t2.SId;

1.2 查询存在” 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 “课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )

select * from 
(select SId,CId,score from SC where SC.CId = '01') as t1
left join
(select SId,CId,score from SC where SC.CId = '02') as t2
on t1.SId = t2.SI

左连接，所以如果在01中不存在的话，就会显示null

1.3 查询不存在” 01 “课程但存在” 02 “课程的情况

select * 
from SC 
where SC.SId not in (select SId from sc where SC.CId ='01') 
and SC.CId = '02';

2.查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

select S.SId,Student.Sname,S.AVGScore from Student,

(select SId,AVG(score) as AVGScore from SC GROUP BY SId) as S

where Student.SId = S.SId

and S.AVGScore>60;

3.查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息

select DISTINCT student.*
from student ,sc
where student.SId=sc.SId

distinct用来去重，放在它后面的所有列都将被去重。

4.查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为null)

select student.SId,student.Sname,C.SumScore,C.CountCourse 
from Student,(select sc.SId,SUM(score) as SumScore,COUNT(*) as CountCourse from sc GROUP BY sc.SId ) as C
where student.SId = C.SId;

主要考察GROUP BY和对应的求和，求平均操作。

4.1 查有成绩的学生信息

select *
from student
where EXISTS(select * from sc where student.SId=sc.SId)

此题与第三题类似

5.查询「李」姓老师的数量

select count(*)
from Teacher
where Tname like '李%';

6.查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

select student.*
from teacher  ,course  ,student,sc
where teacher.Tname='张三'
and   teacher.TId=course.TId
and   course.CId=sc.CId
and   sc.SId=student.SId

需要联合四张表呀

7.查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

select distinct student.*
from (select student.SId,course.CId from student,course ) as t1 
LEFT JOIN (select sc.SId,sc.CId from sc ) as t2
ON t1.SId = t2.SId and t1.CId = t2.CId,
student
where t2.SId is null 
and t1.SId = student.SId 

8.查询至少有一门课与学号为” 01 “的同学所学相同的同学的信息

select distinct student.* from sc,student
where sc.SId = student.SId
and sc.CId in
(select sc.CId from sc 
where sc.SId = '01')

9.查询和” 01 “号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息

select distinct student.* from sc,student,
(select sc.CId from sc 
where sc.SId = '01') as t

where sc.SId = student.SId
and sc.CId = t.CId

结果：只选出了完全相同或部分相同的
01 赵雷 1990-01-01 00:00:00 男
04 李云 1990-08-06 00:00:00 男
02 钱电 1990-12-21 00:00:00 男
03 孙风 1990-05-20 00:00:00 男
06 吴兰 1992-03-01 00:00:00 女
07 郑竹 1989-07-01 00:00:00 女
05 周梅 1991-12-01 00:00:00 女

10.查询没学过”张三”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

select distinct student.*
from student
where student.SId not in

(select sc.SId
from sc,
(select Course.CId 
from Teacher,Course
where course.TId = Teacher.TId 
and Teacher.Tname = '张三') as t
where t.CId = sc.CId)

第二部分用来两个嵌套语句，第一个是为了找出张三老师教授的课程代码，第二个是为了选出学了张三老师课程的学生ID，然后用排除法。

11.查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

select student.SId,student.Sname,t.AvgScore
from student,
(select sc.SId,avg(score) as AvgScore
from sc
where sc.score < 60
group by sc.SId
having count(*)>1) as t
where t.SId = student.SId

12.检索” 01 “课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

select student.*
from sc,student
where sc.SId = student.SId
and sc.CId ='01'
and sc.score <60
order by sc.score desc

13.按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

select sc.* ,t.AvgScore
from sc,
(select sc.SID,avg(sc.score) as AvgScore 
from sc group by sc.SId) as t
where t.SId = sc.SId
order by AvgScore desc

14.按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺

select sc.CId,@rank:=@rank + 1 as rank,sc.score
from (select @rank:=0) as t ,sc
order by sc.score desc

14.1 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时合并名次

select sc.CId , case when @fontscore=score then @curRank when @fontscore:=score then @curRank:=@curRank+1  end as rank,sc.score
from (select @curRank:=0 ,@fontage:=null) as t ,sc
ORDER BY sc.score desc

考察点：case when 条件 then 如何？
这里的=，只有在set和update时才是和:=一样，赋值的作用，其它都是等于的作用。鉴于此，用变量实现行号时，必须用:=。
而：=，不只在set和update时有赋值的作用，在select也是赋值的作用。

15.查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时保留名次空缺

select t.* , @rank := @rank + 1 as rank
from (select sc.SId,sum(score) as sumScore
from sc
group by sc.SId
order by sumScore desc) as t,(select @rank := 0 ) as t1

15.1 查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺

select t1.*, case when @fontscore=t1.sumscore then @currank  when @fontscore:=t1.sumscore  then @currank:=@currank+1  end as rank
from (select sc.SId, sum(score) as sumscore
from sc
GROUP BY sc.SId 
ORDER BY sum(score) desc) as t1,(select @currank:=0,@fontscore:=null) as t

16.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分： 以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率 及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90 要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列

select sc.`CId`,count(*) as "课程人数",

max(sc.score) as "最高分",

min(sc.score) as "最低分",

avg(sc.score) as "平均分",

sum(case when sc.score >=60 then 1 else 0 END)/count(*) as "及格率",

sum(case when sc.score >=70 and sc.score <80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as "中等率",

sum(case when sc.score >=80 and sc.score <90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as "优良率",

sum(case when sc.score >=90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as "优秀率"
from sc

group by sc.CId
order by "课程人数" desc,sc.CId asc

注意：case when 后面记得加一个end

17.统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分比

select course.CId,course.Cname,t1.*

from course LEFT JOIN (

select sc.CID,

CONCAT((sum(case when sc.score >= 85 and sc.score <=100 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*))*100,"%" )as "[100-85]",

CONCAT((sum(case when sc.score >= 70 and sc.score <=85 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*))*100,"%" )as "[85-70]",

CONCAT((sum(case when sc.score >= 60 and sc.score <=70 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*))*100,"%" )as "[70-60]",

CONCAT((sum(case when sc.score <60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*))*100,"%" )as "[60-0]"

from sc
group by sc.CId

) as t1

on course.CId = t1.CId

这里的CONCAT是为了添加一个百分号。注意不能直接将course和sc表合并，然后计算，要现在sc表计算，然后再合并。

18.查询各科成绩前三名的记录

将问题转化为，若大于此成绩的人数少于3，则为前三名

select * 
from sc
where (select count(*) from sc as a where sc.CId = a.CId and sc.score > a.score) < 3
order by CId asc,sc.score desc

19.查询每门课程被选修的学生数

select sc.CId,count(*)
from sc
group by sc.CId

错误示范：

select sc.*,count(*)
from sc
group by sc.CId

因为sc表中还有SID等，这个列如果聚合后，是不好显示出来的。

20.查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

select student.SId,student.Sname
from student,
(select sc.SId
from sc
group by sc.SId
having count(*)=2) as t
where student.SId = t.SId

21.查询男生、女生人数

select student.Ssex,count(*) as "人数"
from student
group by student.`Ssex`

参考
Mysql 练习题