【OpenGL】点精灵案例——模拟宇宙星光

glEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE); //开启点精灵  在书籍上没有提及但代码里写有，可能旧版需要这样做，新版不需要。

// SpaceFlight Shader
// Vertex Shader
// Richard S. Wright Jr.
// OpenGL SuperBible
#version 130

// Incoming per vertex... position and normal
in vec4 vVertex;
in vec4 vColor;

uniform mat4   mvpMatrix;
uniform float  timeStamp;

out vec4 vStarColor;

void main(void) 
    {
    vec4 vNewVertex = vVertex;
    vStarColor = vColor;
    
    // Offset by running time, makes it move closer
    vNewVertex.z += timeStamp;
    
    // If out of range, adjust
    if(vNewVertex.z > -1.0)
        vNewVertex.z -= 999.0;

    gl_PointSize = 30.0 + (vNewVertex.z / sqrt(-vNewVertex.z));

    // If they are very small, fade them up
    if(gl_PointSize < 4.0)
        vStarColor = smoothstep(0.0, 4.0, gl_PointSize) * vStarColor;


    // Don't forget to transform the geometry!
    gl_Position = mvpMatrix * vNewVertex;
    }

// SpaceFlight Shader
// Fragment Shader
// Richard S. Wright Jr.
// OpenGL SuperBible
#version 130

out vec4 vFragColor;

in vec4 vStarColor;

uniform sampler2D  starImage;

void main(void)
    { 
    vFragColor = texture(starImage, gl_PointCoord) * vStarColor;
    }
    

// PointSprites.cpp
// OpenGL SuperBible
// Demonstrates Point Sprites via a flythrough star field
// Program by Richard S. Wright Jr.

#pragma comment(lib, "gltools.lib")
#include <GLTools.h>	// OpenGL toolkit
#include <GLFrustum.h>
#include <StopWatch.h>

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <glut/glut.h>
#else
#define FREEGLUT_STATIC
#include <GL/glut.h>
#endif

#define NUM_STARS 10000

GLFrustum           viewFrustum;
GLBatch             starsBatch;

GLuint	starFieldShader;	// The point sprite shader
GLint	locMVP;				// The location of the ModelViewProjection matrix uniform
GLint   locTimeStamp;       // The location of the time stamp
GLint	locTexture;			// The location of the  texture uniform

GLuint	starTexture;		// The star texture texture object


// Load a TGA as a 2D Texture. Completely initialize the state
bool LoadTGATexture(const char *szFileName, GLenum minFilter, GLenum magFilter, GLenum wrapMode)
{
	GLbyte *pBits;
	int nWidth, nHeight, nComponents;
	GLenum eFormat;

	// Read the texture bits
	pBits = gltReadTGABits(szFileName, &nWidth, &nHeight, &nComponents, &eFormat);
	if (pBits == NULL)
		return false;

	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, wrapMode);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, wrapMode);

	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, minFilter);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, magFilter);

	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, nComponents, nWidth, nHeight, 0,
		eFormat, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pBits);

	free(pBits);

	if (minFilter == GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR ||
		minFilter == GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST ||
		minFilter == GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR ||
		minFilter == GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST)
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

	return true;
}


// This function does any needed initialization on the rendering
// context. 
void SetupRC(void)
{
	// Background
	glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

	// A number of shipping drivers are not conformant to the current OpenGL
	// spec and require this. NVidia... in particular. The OpenGL specification
	// states that this is always "on", in fact you can't enable or disable it
	// anymore. Adding this lines "fixes" this on non-conformant drivers, but
	// be aware, if you have a pure core (and working correctly) GL context, 
	//you should not do this
	glEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE);

	GLfloat fColors[4][4] = { { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, // White
							 { 0.67f, 0.68f, 0.82f, 1.0f}, // Blue Stars
							 { 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f}, // Reddish
							 { 1.0f, 0.82f, 0.65f, 1.0f} }; // Orange


	// Randomly place the stars in their initial positions, and pick a random color
	starsBatch.Begin(GL_POINTS, NUM_STARS);
	for (int i = 0; i < NUM_STARS; i++)
	{
		int iColor = 0;		// All stars start as white

		// One in five will be blue
		if (rand() % 5 == 1)
			iColor = 1;

		// One in 50 red
		if (rand() % 50 == 1)
			iColor = 2;

		// One in 100 is amber
		if (rand() % 100 == 1)
			iColor = 3;


		starsBatch.Color4fv(fColors[iColor]);

		M3DVector3f vPosition;
		vPosition[0] = float(3000 - (rand() % 6000)) * 0.1f;
		vPosition[1] = float(3000 - (rand() % 6000)) * 0.1f;
		vPosition[2] = -float(rand() % 1000) - 1.0f;  // -1 to -1000.0f

		starsBatch.Vertex3fv(vPosition);
	}
	starsBatch.End();


	starFieldShader = gltLoadShaderPairWithAttributes("SpaceFlight.vp", "SpaceFlight.fp", 2, GLT_ATTRIBUTE_VERTEX, "vVertex",
		GLT_ATTRIBUTE_COLOR, "vColor");

	locMVP = glGetUniformLocation(starFieldShader, "mvpMatrix");
	locTexture = glGetUniformLocation(starFieldShader, "starImage");
	locTimeStamp = glGetUniformLocation(starFieldShader, "timeStamp");

	glGenTextures(1, &starTexture);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, starTexture);
	LoadTGATexture("Star.tga", GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR, GL_LINEAR, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
}

// Cleanup
void ShutdownRC(void)
{
	glDeleteTextures(1, &starTexture);
}


// Called to draw scene
void RenderScene(void)
{
	static CStopWatch timer;

	// Clear the window and the depth buffer
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

	// Turn on additive blending
	glEnable(GL_BLEND);
	glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE);

	// Let the vertex program determine the point size
	glEnable(GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE);

	// Bind to our shader, set uniforms
	glUseProgram(starFieldShader);
	glUniformMatrix4fv(locMVP, 1, GL_FALSE, viewFrustum.GetProjectionMatrix());
	glUniform1i(locTexture, 0);

	// fTime goes from 0.0 to 999.0 and recycles
	float fTime = timer.GetElapsedSeconds() * 10.0f;
	fTime = fmod(fTime, 999.0f);
	glUniform1f(locTimeStamp, fTime);

	// Draw the stars
	starsBatch.Draw();

	glutSwapBuffers();
	glutPostRedisplay();
}



void ChangeSize(int w, int h)
{
	// Prevent a divide by zero
	if (h == 0)
		h = 1;

	// Set Viewport to window dimensions
	glViewport(0, 0, w, h);

	viewFrustum.SetPerspective(35.0f, float(w) / float(h), 1.0f, 1000.0f);
}

///
// Main entry point for GLUT based programs
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	gltSetWorkingDirectory(argv[0]);

	glutInit(&argc, argv);
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_STENCIL);
	glutInitWindowSize(800, 600);
	glutCreateWindow("Spaced Out");
	glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize);
	glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene);

	GLenum err = glewInit();
	if (GLEW_OK != err) {
		fprintf(stderr, "GLEW Error: %s\n", glewGetErrorString(err));
		return 1;
	}

	SetupRC();
	glutMainLoop();
	ShutdownRC();
	return 0;
}