MA&ALA3.4&3.5_矩阵乘法——为什么这样做

注：本文是对Matrix Analysis and Applied Linear Algebra一书3.4节Why Do It This Way和3.5节Matrix Multiplication的学习笔记

矩阵乘法：

• Matrices $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are said to be conformable for multiplication in the order $\mathbf{A}\mathbf{B}$ whenever $\mathbf{A}$ has exactly as many columns as $\mathbf{B}$ has rows—i.e., $\mathbf{A}$ is $m\times p$ and $\mathbf{B}$ is $p\times n$.
• For conformable matrices ${\mathbf{A}}_{m\times p}=[a_{ij}]$ and ${\mathbf{B}}_{p\times n}=[b_{ij}]$, the matrix product $\mathbf{A}\mathbf{B}$ is defined to be the $m\times n$ matrix whose $(i,j)$ -entry is the inner product of the $i$th row of $\mathbf{A}$ with the $j$th column in $\mathbf{B}$. That is,
  $$[\mathbf{A}\mathbf{B}{]}_{ij}={\mathbf{A}}_{i\ast }{\mathbf{B}}_{\ast j}=a_{i1}{b}_{1j}+a_{i2}{b}_{2j}+\cdot \cdot \cdot +a_{ip}{b}_{pj}=\sum _{k=1}^p{a}_{ik}{b}_{kj}.$$
• In case $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ fail to be conformable—i.e., $\mathbf{A}$ is $m\times p$ and $\mathbf{B}$ is $q\times n$ with $p=q$ —then no product $\mathbf{A}\mathbf{B}$