【LOJ2321】「清华集训 2017」无限之环

【题目链接】

【思路要点】

  • 先说这道题的正解:
  • 将棋盘看做一张二分图,每一条边拆成两个点,分别属于二分图的一边。
  • 我们需要做一件类似于匹配的事情,同一条边的两侧或是都没有管道,或是都有管道。
  • 通过合适的建边我们能够用最小费用最大流来解决本题。
  • 时间复杂度 O ( M i n C o s t F l o w ( N ∗ M , N ∗ M ) ) O(MinCostFlow(N*M,N*M)) O(MinCostFlow(NM,NM))
  • 但自从笔者从考场回来就一直在思考本题的插头DP做法的复杂度是不是能够被证明更优,因为我们发现实际上合法的插头数少之又少。
  • 遗憾的是笔者并不能证明其更优的复杂度,但笔者将考场上的插头DP代码的状态开成了64位整型,就通过了本题,而且似乎比大部分费用流的做法要快。
  • 因此笔者相信在本题中插头DP有着低于理论时间复杂度上界( O ( N M ∗ 2 N M ) O(NM*2^{\sqrt{NM}}) O(NM2NM ) )的复杂度。
  • 以下代码实现的是插头DP。
  • 时间复杂度 O ( S ) O(S) O(S) ,其中 S S S 为合法的状态数。
  • U p d : Upd: Upd: 更新了网络流做法。

【代码】

//Flow Version
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAXQ = 1e7 + 5;
const int MAXP = 1e5 + 5;
const int MAXN = 2e3 + 5;
const int INF = 2e9;
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
template <typename T> void chkmax(T &x, T y) {x = max(x, y); }
template <typename T> void chkmin(T &x, T y) {x = min(x, y); } 
template <typename T> void read(T &x) {
	x = 0; int f = 1;
	char c = getchar();
	for (; !isdigit(c); c = getchar()) if (c == '-') f = -f;
	for (; isdigit(c); c = getchar()) x = x * 10 + c - '0';
	x *= f;
}
template <typename T> void write(T x) {
	if (x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
	if (x > 9) write(x / 10);
	putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}
template <typename T> void writeln(T x) {
	write(x);
	puts("");
}
struct edge {int dest, flow, pos, cost; };
vector <edge> a[MAXP];
int n, m, s, t, tot, flow, cost, goal;
int dist[MAXP], path[MAXP], home[MAXP];
int point[MAXN][MAXN][4], cnt[2];
void FlowPath() {
	int p = t, ans = INF;
	while (p != s) {
		ans = min(ans, a[path[p]][home[p]].flow);
		p = path[p];
	}
	flow += ans;
	cost += ans * dist[t];
	p = t;
	while (p != s) {
		a[path[p]][home[p]].flow -= ans;
		a[p][a[path[p]][home[p]].pos].flow += ans;
		p = path[p];
	}
}
bool spfa() {
	static int q[MAXQ];
	static bool inq[MAXP];
	static int l = 0, r = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i <= r; i++)
		dist[q[i]] = INF;
	q[l = r = 0] = s, dist[s] = 0, inq[s] = true;
	while (l <= r) {
		int tmp = q[l];
		for (unsigned i = 0; i < a[tmp].size(); i++)
			if (a[tmp][i].flow != 0 && dist[tmp] + a[tmp][i].cost < dist[a[tmp][i].dest]) {
				dist[a[tmp][i].dest] = dist[tmp] + a[tmp][i].cost;
				path[a[tmp][i].dest] = tmp;
				home[a[tmp][i].dest] = i;
				if (!inq[a[tmp][i].dest]) {
					q[++r] = a[tmp][i].dest;
					inq[q[r]] = true;
				}
			}
		l++, inq[tmp] = false;
	}
	return dist[t] != INF;
}
void addedge(int x, int y, int z, int c) {
	a[x].push_back((edge) {y, z, a[y].size(), c});
	a[y].push_back((edge) {x, 0, a[x].size() - 1, -c});
}
int main() {
	read(n), read(m);
	s = 0, t = tot = 1;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
		point[i][j][0] = ++tot;
		point[i][j][1] = ++tot;
		point[i][j][2] = ++tot;
		point[i][j][3] = ++tot;
	}
	//0 : up, 1 : right, 2 : down, 3 : left.
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
		int x; read(x);
		int tmp = ++tot, Cnt = 0, tnp = x;
		int up = point[i][j][0];
		int Right = point[i][j][1];
		int down = point[i][j][2];
		int Left = point[i][j][3];
		while (tnp) {Cnt += tnp & 1, tnp >>= 1; }
		if ((i + j) & 1) {
			addedge(s, tmp, Cnt, 0);
			if (x & 1) addedge(tmp, up, 1, 0), cnt[0]++;
			if (x & 2) addedge(tmp, Right, 1, 0), cnt[0]++;
			if (x & 4) addedge(tmp, down, 1, 0), cnt[0]++;
			if (x & 8) addedge(tmp, Left, 1, 0), cnt[0]++;
			if (x == 1) {
				addedge(tmp, Right, 1, 1);
				addedge(tmp, down, 1, 2);
				addedge(tmp, Left, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 2) {
				addedge(tmp, up, 1, 1);
				addedge(tmp, down, 1, 1);
				addedge(tmp, Left, 1, 2);
			}
			if (x == 4) {
				addedge(tmp, up, 1, 2);
				addedge(tmp, Right, 1, 1);
				addedge(tmp, Left, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 8) {
				addedge(tmp, up, 1, 1);
				addedge(tmp, Right, 1, 2);
				addedge(tmp, down, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 14) {
				addedge(Right, up, 1, 1);
				addedge(down, up, 1, 2);
				addedge(Left, up, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 13) {
				addedge(up, Right, 1, 1);
				addedge(down, Right, 1, 1);
				addedge(Left, Right, 1, 2);
			}
			if (x == 11) {
				addedge(up, down, 1, 2);
				addedge(Right, down, 1, 1);
				addedge(Left, down, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 7) {
				addedge(up, Left, 1, 1);
				addedge(Right, Left, 1, 2);
				addedge(down, Left, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 3) {
				addedge(up, down, 1, 1);
				addedge(Right, Left, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 6) {
				addedge(down, up, 1, 1);
				addedge(Right, Left, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 12) {
				addedge(down, up, 1, 1);
				addedge(Left, Right, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 9) {
				addedge(up, down, 1, 1);
				addedge(Left, Right, 1, 1);
			}
		} else {
			addedge(tmp, t, Cnt, 0);
			if (x & 1) addedge(up, tmp, 1, 0), cnt[1]++;
			if (x & 2) addedge(Right, tmp, 1, 0), cnt[1]++;
			if (x & 4) addedge(down, tmp, 1, 0), cnt[1]++;
			if (x & 8) addedge(Left, tmp, 1, 0), cnt[1]++;
			if (x == 1) {
				addedge(Right, tmp, 1, 1);
				addedge(down, tmp, 1, 2);
				addedge(Left, tmp, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 2) {
				addedge(up, tmp, 1, 1);
				addedge(down, tmp, 1, 1);
				addedge(Left, tmp, 1, 2);
			}
			if (x == 4) {
				addedge(up, tmp, 1, 2);
				addedge(Right, tmp, 1, 1);
				addedge(Left, tmp, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 8) {
				addedge(up, tmp, 1, 1);
				addedge(Right, tmp, 1, 2);
				addedge(down, tmp, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 14) {
				addedge(up, Right, 1, 1);
				addedge(up, down, 1, 2);
				addedge(up, Left, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 13) {
				addedge(Right, up, 1, 1);
				addedge(Right, down, 1, 1);
				addedge(Right, Left, 1, 2);
			}
			if (x == 11) {
				addedge(down, up, 1, 2);
				addedge(down, Right, 1, 1);
				addedge(down, Left, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 7) {
				addedge(Left, up, 1, 1);
				addedge(Left, Right, 1, 2);
				addedge(Left, down, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 3) {
				addedge(down, up, 1, 1);
				addedge(Left, Right, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 6) {
				addedge(up, down, 1, 1);
				addedge(Left, Right, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 12) {
				addedge(up, down, 1, 1);
				addedge(Right, Left, 1, 1);
			}
			if (x == 9) {
				addedge(down, up, 1, 1);
				addedge(Right, Left, 1, 1);
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
		if ((i + j) & 1) {
			if (j != m) addedge(point[i][j][1], point[i][j + 1][3], 1, 0);
			if (i != n) addedge(point[i][j][2], point[i + 1][j][0], 1, 0);
		} else {
			if (j != m) addedge(point[i][j + 1][3], point[i][j][1], 1, 0);
			if (i != n) addedge(point[i + 1][j][0], point[i][j][2], 1, 0);
		}
	}
	goal = max(cnt[0], cnt[1]);
	for (int i = 0; i <= tot; i++)
		dist[i] = INF;
	while (spfa()) FlowPath();
	if (flow != goal) printf("-1\n");
	else printf("%d\n", cost);
	return 0;
}
//DP Version
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAXS = 1e7 + 5;
const int MAXN = 2e3 + 5;
const int P = 1e5 + 3;
template <typename T> void read(T &x) {
	int f = 1; x = 0;
	char c = getchar();
	for (; !isdigit(c); c = getchar()) if (c == '-') f = -f;
	for (; isdigit(c); c = getchar()) x = x * 10 + c - '0';
	x *= f;
}
struct Hash_Table {
	int val[MAXS], nxt[MAXS];
	long long num[MAXS];
	int size, head[P];
	void init() {
		for (int i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
			int tmp = num[i] % P;
			head[tmp] = 0;
		}
		size = 0;
	}
	void insert(long long Num, int Val) {
		int tmp = Num % P;
		for (int p = head[tmp]; p; p = nxt[p])
			if (num[p] == Num) {
				val[p] = min(val[p], Val);
				return;
			}
		size++;
		num[size] = Num;
		val[size] = Val;
		nxt[size] = head[tmp];
		head[tmp] = size;
	}
	int query(long long Num) {
		int tmp = Num % P;
		for (int p = head[tmp]; p; p = nxt[p])
			if (num[p] == Num) return val[p];
		return -1;
	}
} HT[2];
int cost[4] = {0, 1, 2, 1};
int ans, n, m, a[MAXN][MAXN];
void Extend(int x, int y, long long s, int v, int dest) {
	long long lft = s & (1ll << y - 1);
	long long upp = s & (1ll << y);
	long long ts = s ^ lft ^ upp;
	if (lft && upp) {
		int tmp = a[x][y];
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			if ((tmp & 9) == 9) {
				long long ds = ts;
				if (tmp & 2) ds ^= 1ll << y;
				if (tmp & 4) ds ^= 1ll << y - 1;
				HT[dest].insert(ds, v + cost[i]);
			}
			if (tmp != 5 && tmp != 10) tmp = (tmp >> 1) + ((tmp & 1) << 3);
		}
	}
	if (lft && !upp) {
		int tmp = a[x][y];
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			if ((tmp & 9) == 8) {
				long long ds = ts;
				if (tmp & 2) ds ^= 1ll << y;
				if (tmp & 4) ds ^= 1ll << y - 1;
				HT[dest].insert(ds, v + cost[i]);
			}
			if (tmp != 5 && tmp != 10) tmp = (tmp >> 1) + ((tmp & 1) << 3);
		}
	}
	if (!lft && upp) {
		int tmp = a[x][y];
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			if ((tmp & 9) == 1) {
				long long ds = ts;
				if (tmp & 2) ds ^= 1ll << y;
				if (tmp & 4) ds ^= 1ll << y - 1;
				HT[dest].insert(ds, v + cost[i]);
			}
			if (tmp != 5 && tmp != 10) tmp = (tmp >> 1) + ((tmp & 1) << 3);
		}
	}
	if (!lft && !upp) {
		int tmp = a[x][y];
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			if ((tmp & 9) == 0) {
				long long ds = ts;
				if (tmp & 2) ds ^= 1ll << y;
				if (tmp & 4) ds ^= 1ll << y - 1;
				HT[dest].insert(ds, v + cost[i]);
			}
			if (tmp != 5 && tmp != 10) tmp = (tmp >> 1) + ((tmp & 1) << 3);
		}
	}
}
void work(int x, int y, int now, int dest) {
	int tx = x, ty = y + 1;
	if (ty > m) ty = 1, tx++;
	HT[dest].init();
	for (int i = 1; i <= HT[now].size; i++)
		if (y == 1) {
			long long tmp = HT[now].num[i];
			if (tmp & (1ll << m)) continue;
			Extend(x, y, tmp << 1, HT[now].val[i], dest);
		} else Extend(x, y, HT[now].num[i], HT[now].val[i], dest);
	if (tx <= n) work(tx, ty, dest, now);
}
int main() {
	read(n), read(m);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++)
		read(a[i][j]);
	if (n < m) {
		swap(n, m);
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		for (int j = i + 1; j <= n; j++)
			swap(a[i][j], a[j][i]);
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
			int tmp = a[i][j];
			a[i][j] = ((tmp & 1) << 3) + ((tmp & 8) >> 3) + ((tmp & 2) << 1) + ((tmp & 4) >> 1);
		}
	}
	HT[0].insert(0, 0);
	work(1, 1, 0, 1);
	ans = HT[n * m % 2].query(0);
	printf("%d\n", ans);
	return 0;
}
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