GAMES101-计算机图形学-作业7

2 调通框架
2.1 修改的内容
相比上一次实验，本次实验对框架的修改较大，主要在以下几方面：
• 修改了main.cpp，以适应本次实验的测试模型CornellBox
• 修改了Render，以适应CornellBox 并且支持Path Tracing 需要的同一Pixel多次Sample
• 修改了Object，Sphere，Triangle，TriangleMesh，BVH，添加了area 属性与Sample 方法，以实现对光源按面积采样，并在Scene 中添加了采样光源的接口sampleLight
• 修改了Material 并在其中实现了sample, eval, pdf 三个方法用于Path racing
变量的辅助计算
2.2 你需要迁移的内容
你需要从上一次编程练习中直接拷贝以下函数到对应位置：
• Triangle::getIntersection in Triangle.hpp: 将你的光线-三角形相交函数粘贴到此处，请直接将上次实验中实现的内容粘贴在此。
• IntersectP(const Ray& ray, const Vector3f& invDir,const std::array<int, 3>& dirIsNeg) in the Bounds3.hpp: 这个函数的作用是判断包围盒BoundingBox 光线是否相交，请直接将上次实验中实现的内容粘贴在此处，并且注意检查t_enter = t_exit 的时候的判断是否正确。
• getIntersection(BVHBuildNode* node, const Ray ray)in BVH.cpp: BVH查找过程，请直接将上次实验中实现的内容粘贴在此处.
复制部分和作业6一样，需要改的是IntersectP的判断要加等号，不然会导致天花板全黑且物体没有影子。
castRay(const Ray ray, int depth)in Scene.cpp:
简单来说就是①求Intersection判断和场景有没有相交，没有就直接return{}；②判断是不是和光源相交③采样光线④计算反射光线生成的L，直接光照⑤轮盘赌⑥计算间接光照（递归）

Vector3f Scene::castRay(const Ray &ray, int depth) const
{
    // TO DO Implement Path Tracing Algorithm here
    Vector3f L_dir = { 0,0,0 };
    Vector3f L_indir = { 0,0,0 };

    Intersection intersection = Scene::intersect(ray);
    if (!intersection.happened) return {};  // 和场景没有交叉
    return intersection.m->getEmission();
    if (intersection.m->hasEmission()) {
        if (depth == 0) return intersection.m->getEmission();    // 光线打到光源就直接返回光源Emission
        else return {};
    }

    Intersection lightpos;
    float lightpdf = 0.0f;
    sampleLight(lightpos, lightpdf);

    Vector3f collisionlight = lightpos.coords - intersection.coords;
    float dis = dotProduct(collisionlight, collisionlight);
    Vector3f collisionlightdir = collisionlight.normalized();
    Ray objray(intersection.coords, collisionlightdir);

    Intersection ishaveobj = Scene::intersect(objray);
    if (ishaveobj.distance - collisionlight.norm() > -EPSILON)
        L_dir = lightpos.emit * 
        intersection.m->eval(ray.direction, collisionlightdir, intersection.normal) * 
        dotProduct(collisionlightdir, intersection.normal) * 
        dotProduct(-collisionlightdir, lightpos.normal) / dis / lightpdf;
    if (get_random_float() > RussianRoulette)
        return L_dir;   // 俄罗斯轮盘，大于0.8就直接返回

    Vector3f w0 = intersection.m->sample(ray.direction, intersection.normal).normalized();
    Ray objrayobj(intersection.coords, w0);
    Intersection islight = Scene::intersect(objrayobj);
    if (islight.happened && !islight.m->hasEmission()) {
        float pdf = intersection.m->pdf(ray.direction, w0, intersection.normal);
        if (pdf > EPSILON) {
            L_indir = castRay(objrayobj, depth + 1) *
                intersection.m->eval(ray.direction, w0, intersection.normal) *
                dotProduct(w0, intersection.normal) / pdf / RussianRoulette;
        }
    }
    
    return L_dir + L_indir;
}

渲染质量和Renderer.cpp中的spp参数有关，以下是spp=3的效果：
没有采用多线程加速的适合spp=3渲染了四分多钟，用了多线程加速只花了几秒，以下是多线程加速之后的Renderer.cpp，参考了【GAMES101】作业7（提高）多线程、Microfacet（全镜面反射）、抗锯齿:

//
// Created by goksu on 2/25/20.
//
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE 

#include <fstream>
#include "Scene.hpp"
#include "Renderer.hpp"
#include <omp.h>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>


inline float deg2rad(const float& deg) { return deg * M_PI / 180.0; }

const float EPSILON = 0.0001;

omp_lock_t lock1;

int prog = 0;
std::mutex lock;
void para(Vector3f eye_pos, std::vector<Vector3f>& framebuffer, const Scene& scene, int spp, float imageAspectRatio, float scale, int start, int end) {
    int width, height;
    width = height = sqrt(spp);
    float step = 1.0f / width;
    for (uint32_t j = start; j < end; j++) {
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < scene.width; i++) {
            for (int k = 0; k < spp; k++) {
                float x = (2 * (i + 0.5) / (float)scene.width - 1) *
                    imageAspectRatio * scale;
                float y = (1 - 2 * (j + 0.5) / (float)scene.height) * scale;
                Vector3f dir = normalize(Vector3f(-x, y, 1));
                framebuffer[j * scene.width + i] += scene.castRay(Ray(eye_pos, dir), 0) / spp;
            }
        }
       /* omp_set_lock(&lock1);
        prog++;
        UpdateProgress(prog / (float)scene.height);
        omp_unset_lock(&lock1);*/
        lock.lock();
        prog++;
        UpdateProgress(prog / (float)scene.height);
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

// The main render function. This where we iterate over all pixels in the image,
// generate primary rays and cast these rays into the scene. The content of the
// framebuffer is saved to a file.
void Renderer::Render(const Scene& scene)
{
    std::vector<Vector3f> framebuffer(scene.width * scene.height);

    float scale = tan(deg2rad(scene.fov * 0.5));
    float imageAspectRatio = scene.width / (float)scene.height;
    Vector3f eye_pos(278, 273, -800);
    int m = 0;

    int thread_num = 32;
    int thread_step = scene.height / thread_num;
    std::vector<std::thread> rays;
    // change the spp value to change sample ammount
    int spp = 1000;
    std::cout << "SPP: " << spp << "\n";
    //for (uint32_t j = 0; j < scene.height; ++j) {
    //    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < scene.width; ++i) {
    //        // generate primary ray direction
    //        float x = (2 * (i + 0.5) / (float)scene.width - 1) *
    //                  imageAspectRatio * scale;
    //        float y = (1 - 2 * (j + 0.5) / (float)scene.height) * scale;

    //        Vector3f dir = normalize(Vector3f(-x, y, 1));
    //        for (int k = 0; k < spp; k++){
    //            framebuffer[m] += scene.castRay(Ray(eye_pos, dir), 0) / spp;  
    //        }
    //        m++;
    //    }
    //    UpdateProgress(j / (float)scene.height);
    //}
//#pragma omp parallel for
    for (int i = 0; i < thread_num; i++)
        rays.push_back(std::thread(para, eye_pos, std::ref(framebuffer), std::ref(scene),
           spp, imageAspectRatio, scale, i * thread_step, (i + 1) * thread_step));
        /*para(eye_pos, std::ref(framebuffer), std::ref(scene), spp,
            imageAspectRatio, scale, i * thread_step, (i + 1) * thread_step);*/
    for (int i = 0; i < thread_num; i++)
        rays[i].join();

    UpdateProgress(1.f);

    // save framebuffer to file
    FILE* fp = fopen("binary.ppm", "wb");
    (void)fprintf(fp, "P6\n%d %d\n255\n", scene.width, scene.height);
    for (auto i = 0; i < scene.height * scene.width; ++i) {
        static unsigned char color[3];
        color[0] = (unsigned char)(255 * std::pow(clamp(0, 1, framebuffer[i].x), 0.6f));
        color[1] = (unsigned char)(255 * std::pow(clamp(0, 1, framebuffer[i].y), 0.6f));
        color[2] = (unsigned char)(255 * std::pow(clamp(0, 1, framebuffer[i].z), 0.6f));
        fwrite(color, 1, 3, fp);
    }
    fclose(fp);    
}

提高spp到1000后画了半小时，效果如下：