linux驱动之cdev

linux驱动之cdev

代码在fs/char_dev.c

linux下每一个具体的字符设备都会对应一个cdev,cdev->ops就是设备的操作接口。
上层应用程序调用open()系统调用打开/dev/xxx设备节点时，最终会调用cdev->ops->open()。

struct cdev {
	struct kobject kobj;
	struct module *owner;
	const struct file_operations *ops;
	struct list_head list;
	dev_t dev;
	unsigned int count;
};
//驱动操作接口
struct file_operations {
	struct module *owner;
	ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	...
};

初始化cdev,需自行为cdev分配内存,使用kmalloc()

void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
{
	memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
	//kobject用于嵌入一些数据结构中方便linux管理
	kobject_init(&cdev->kobj, &ktype_cdev_default);
	cdev->ops = fops;
}

注册cdev

int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
{
	int error;
	//记录设备号，次设备号个数
	p->dev = dev;
	p->count = count;

	error = kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL,
			 exact_match, exact_lock, p);
	if (error)
		return error;

	kobject_get(p->kobj.parent);

	return 0;
}

用哈希表保存cdev结构体

struct kobj_map {
	struct probe {
		struct probe *next;
		dev_t dev;
		unsigned long range;
		struct module *owner;
		kobj_probe_t *get;
		int (*lock)(dev_t, void *);
		void *data;
	} *probes[255];
	struct mutex *lock;
};
static struct kobj_map *cdev_map;
int kobj_map(struct kobj_map *domain, dev_t dev, unsigned long range,
	     struct module *module, kobj_probe_t *probe,
	     int (*lock)(dev_t, void *), void *data)
{
	//占用主设备号个数，一般是n = 1
	unsigned n = MAJOR(dev + range - 1) - MAJOR(dev) + 1;
	unsigned index = MAJOR(dev); //获取次设备号
	unsigned i;
	struct probe *p;

	if (n > 255)
		n = 255;

	//申请内存, n * sizeof(struct probe)
	p = kmalloc_array(n, sizeof(struct probe), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (p == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	//n == 1
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++, p++) {
		p->owner = module; // == NULL
		//获取cdev->kobj
		p->get = probe; // == exact_match
		//用于给cdev->kobj增加引用计数,当引用计数为0,可以删除
		p->lock = lock; // == exact_lock
		//记录设备号,以后可以通过设备号找到cdev结构体
		p->dev = dev;
		p->range = range;
		//记录cdev
		p->data = data; // == cdev
	}
	mutex_lock(domain->lock);
	//在哈希表domain->probes[]中，保存p,有哈希冲突就挂在链表上
	for (i = 0, p -= n; i < n; i++, p++, index++) {
		struct probe **s = &domain->probes[index % 255];
		while (*s && (*s)->range < range)
			s = &(*s)->next;
		p->next = *s;
		*s = p;
	}
	mutex_unlock(domain->lock);
	return 0;
}
static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
{
	struct cdev *p = data;
	return &p->kobj;
}
static int exact_lock(dev_t dev, void *data)
{
	struct cdev *p = data;
	return cdev_get(p) ? 0 : -1;
}

cdev_map是指针在系统启动时就初始化完成

void __init chrdev_init(void)
{
	cdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &chrdevs_lock);
}
struct kobj_map *kobj_map_init(kobj_probe_t *base_probe, struct mutex *lock)
{
	struct kobj_map *p = kmalloc(sizeof(struct kobj_map), GFP_KERNEL);
	struct probe *base = kzalloc(sizeof(*base), GFP_KERNEL);
	int i;
	...
	base->dev = 1;
	base->range = ~0;
	base->get = base_probe;
	//用base填充p->probes[],初始化
	for (i = 0; i < 255; i++)
		p->probes[i] = base;
	//互斥所
	p->lock = lock;
	return p;
}