【读书笔记】性格多面观-Perspectives on personality

性格多面观(或译人格心理学)是我在大二上学期阅读的一本原版心理学读物，做以下摘抄和总结，希望能启发到你。   

七个研究人格的角度-Seven perspectives      

 (1) Dispositional

People have relatively stable qualities that are displaced in different settings

(2) Biological

Personality is genetically based

(3) Psychoanalytic

Personality is a set of internal forces that compete and conflict with each other

 (4) Neoanalytic

Concerning the ego and its development, and the importance of social relationships in personality and its functioning.

(5) Learning 

Change in behavior, rather than consistency, is paramount. Human experience changes systematically as a result of experience. In this view, Personality is the integrated sum of whatever the person has learned up till now.

 (6) Phenomenological

The roots of this perspective can be traced to 2 core ideas.

①subjective experience is important, valuable, meaningful—and unique. Individuality and finding ones way to the inner essence of ones being are vitally important.

②People tend naturally toward self-perfection and that all people can move themselves in that direction by exercising their free will to do so. Self-determination is central to this view of human nature. Personality is partly a matter of uniqueness hidden within, and partly a matter of what the person chooses to make of it.

 (7) Cognitive Self-regulation

Human nature is seen as machine-like. The nervous system is a giant organic computer with decision rules and patterns of information storage and use that in ways resemble those of today’s silicon-andmetal computers. Another aspect of this view is that people are selfregulating systems, setting goals and checking on progress toward these goals. 

思考

It is tough to get precise prediction without losing the capability of dealing with complex realities. The field of personality addresses two fundamental issues.

① the existence of differences among people.

②how best to conceptualize intrapersonal functioning——the processes that take place within all persons, giving form and continuity to behavior.             

词汇表

Sociopathy 社会病态 反社会人格

Topography 地形学

The model of mind

Sublimation 升华作用

Catharsis 精神发泄

Libidinal 本能的

Latency 潜伏

Parapraxis 动作倒错

Genital 生殖的

Resiliency 弹性

Epigenetic 外遗传的 后生的

Narcissism 自恋

Reinforcement 加固 加强

Instrumental 有帮助的

Maladaptive 适应不良的

Therapeutic 治疗的

Reactance 反作用

Episodic 偶然发生的 插曲式的

Streak 条纹 线条 疾驰 ：Personal distinctiveness

Orientation 方向 定向 个人的态 度 取向

Sexual -- Parsimony 吝啬 过度节俭

Prologue 开场白 序言

Focal 焦点的 受关注的

Moor 沼泽 荒野

Vantage 有力情况 ：Vantage point

Construe 分析 解释： Intrapersonal functioning