Qt课程设计

用QT编写基于TCP的网络通信程序

我编写的是一个类似实时做题的小程序，不多bb，看演示如下：
算了，还是描述下上图的操作过程（真香~~）

• 运行服务器端先监听本地ip为127.0.0.1，端口是8081（无所谓的）
• 运行客户端，让它连接上服务器
• 服务器端发送题目到客户端
• 客户端就可以开始做题，做完题后，点击提交
• 服务器端就是收到信息，了解到客户端做题结果

其余说明：

1. 服务器端的题目是写死在程序中
2. 服务器端的日志框显示的是所有的日志情况，包括客户端和服务器端
3. 代码：https://github.com/duganlx/CDforQT

操作小记

Qt使用网络通信环境配置

//.pro文件中引入
QT       += network

//引入相关头文件
//client
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include <QHostAddress>
//server
#include <QTcpServer>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include <QNetworkInterface>

客户端编写

连接服务器

void Widget::on_connectServer_clicked()
{
    QString ipAddr = ui->ipAddr->text();
    quint16 port = ui->port->text().toUShort();
    client->connectToHost(ipAddr, port);

    qDebug()<<"connecting server...";

    if(client->waitForConnected(1000))
    {
        qDebug()<<"connect server success";
        QMessageBox::information(NULL, "提示", "连接成功", QMessageBox::Ok);
        ui->disconnectServer->setEnabled(true);
        ui->connectServer->setEnabled(false);
    }
    else
    {
        QMessageBox::critical(NULL, "提示", "连接失败，请检查ip地址和端口号", QMessageBox::Ok);
    }
}

断开服务器

void Widget::on_disconnectServer_clicked()
{
    client->disconnectFromHost();

    qDebug()<<"disconnecting server...";

    if(client->state() == QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState
            || client->waitForDisconnected(1000))
    {
        qDebug()<<"disconnect server success";
        QMessageBox::information(NULL, "提示", "断开成功", QMessageBox::Ok);
        ui->disconnectServer->setEnabled(false);
        ui->connectServer->setEnabled(true);
    }
    else
    {
        QMessageBox::critical(NULL, "提示", "断开失败，请重试", QMessageBox::Ok);
    }
}

接收数据

void Widget::receiveData()
{
    qDebug()<<"receiveData()";
    QByteArray buffer = client->readAll();
    if(!buffer.isEmpty())
    {
        data = QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8")->toUnicode(buffer);
        qDebug()<<data;
    }
    QStringList datas = data.split(",");

    //填充数据到对应控件
    ui->content->setText(datas.at(0));
    ui->buttonA->setText("选项A "+ datas.at(2));
    ui->buttonB->setText("选项B "+ datas.at(3));
    ui->buttonC->setText("选项C "+ datas.at(4));
    ui->buttonD->setText("选项D "+ datas.at(5));
}

发送数据

void Widget::on_commit_clicked()
{
    //对应关系：A-0 B-1 C-2 D-3
    QString clientChoice;

    switch (optionGroup->checkedId())
    {
    case 0:
        clientChoice = "A";
        break;
    case 1:
        clientChoice = "B";
        break;
    case 2:
        clientChoice = "C";
        break;
    case 3:
        clientChoice = "D";
        break;
    }

    if(clientChoice == data.split(",")[1])
    {
        clientChoice.append(",答案正确");
        QMessageBox::information(NULL, "提示", "回答正确(●'◡'●)", QMessageBox::Ok);
    }
    else
    {
        clientChoice.append(",答案错误");
        QMessageBox::information(NULL, "提示", "回答错误( ▼-▼ )", QMessageBox::Ok);
    }

    qDebug()<<"commit data to server: "<<clientChoice.toUtf8();

    client->write(clientChoice.toUtf8());
}

服务器编写

获取所有连接的客户端

void Widget::connectingClient()
{
    client = server->nextPendingConnection(); //获取连接过来的客户端信息
    clients.append(client); //添加入客户端列表
    ui->journal->append("客户端("+client->peerAddress().toString().split("::ffff:")[1]+":"+QString::number(client->peerPort())+") 连接服务器");

    //绑定槽函数
    connect(client, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(receiveData()));
    connect(client, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(disconnectedClient()));
}

断开所有的客户端

void Widget::disconnectedClient()
{
    //由于disconnected信号并未提供SocketDescriptor，所以需要遍历寻找
    for(int i=0; i<clients.length(); i++)
    {
        if(clients[i]->state() == QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState)
        {
            //删除记录
            ui->journal->append("客户端("+clients[i]->peerAddress().toString().split("::ffff:")[1]+":"+QString::number(clients[i]->peerPort())+") 断开连接");
            clients[i]->destroyed();
            clients.removeAt(i);
        }
    }
}

接收数据

void Widget::receiveData()
{
    qDebug()<<"receiveData()";

    for(int i=0; i<clients.length(); i++)
    {
        QByteArray buffer = clients[i]->readAll();
        if(buffer.isEmpty()) continue;

        QString data = QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8")->toUnicode(buffer);
        QStringList datas = data.split(",");

        QString message = tr("客户端(%1:%2):所选答案为：%3,%4").arg(clients[i]->peerAddress().toString().split("::ffff:")[1])
                                             .arg(clients[i]->peerPort()).arg(datas.at(0)).arg(datas.at(1));
        ui->journal->append(message);
    }
}

发送数据

void Widget::on_sendData_clicked()
{
    qDebug()<<"sendData(),selected:"<<ui->questionList->currentRow();

    int questionId = ui->questionList->currentRow();

    if(questionId>=0&&questionId<=3)
    {
        targetQuestion = questionList[questionId];
        QMessageBox::information(NULL, "提示", "发送题目成功", QMessageBox::Ok);
    }
    else
    {
        QMessageBox::information(NULL, "提示", "请选择题目", QMessageBox::Ok);
    }

    qDebug()<<"question data: "+targetQuestion->getStr();

    for(int i=0; i<clients.length(); i++)
    {
        ui->journal->append("客户端("+clients[i]->peerAddress().toString()+":"+QString::number(clients[i]->peerPort())+")发送习题"+
                            QString::number(questionId));
        clients[i]->write(targetQuestion->getStr().toUtf8());
    }

}