Pure Strategy Game

Pure Strategy Game

纯粹的 strategy，例如石头剪刀布，要么出石头、要么出布、要么出剪刀，是离散的。

Game Theory博弈论

博弈论中有一些数学性质，要把握其中的逻辑，知道其是什么、能够解决什么类型的问题。

博弈论研究的是人以及人与人之间的关系。

什么是博弈？

任何需要顾及到个体利益的决策过程，都是博弈。

博弈的特点

分布式：一般没有中央控制单元，博弈者各自为政；
多成员：至少包含两名或以上博弈者；
相互联系：一名博弈者的决定，可能会影响其他博弈者。

基础是稳定（纳什均衡），目标是利益最大化。

完整博弈过程分析

博弈过程：例如大国博弈（贸易出口），或个人博弈（股票投资）
一种逻辑：每个博弈者（Game Player）都是理性的获取其最大利益。
分析：如何制定博弈规则，从而形成最佳的系统？每个博弈者，应当如何制定对其最优的策略，从而最大化其收益？

Prisoners’ Dilemma

Two suspects held in separate cells are charged with a major crime. However, there is not enough evidence. Both suspects are told the following policy:
1、If neither confesses then both will be convicted of a minor offense and sentenced to one month in jail.
2、If both confess then both will be sentenced to jail for six months.
3、If one confesses but the other does not, then the confessor will be released but the other will be sentenced to jail for nine months.

The battle of the sexes（Non-zero-sum game）

At the separate workplaces, Chris and Pat must choose to attend either an opera or a prize fight in the evening.
Both Chris and Pat know the following:
1、Both would like to spend the evening together.
2、But Chris prefers the opera.
3、Pat prefers the prize fight.

Matching pennies（Zero-sum game）

Each of the two players has a penny. Two players must simultaneously choose whether to show the Head or the Tail. Both players know the following rules:
1、If two pennies match (both heads or both tails) then player 2 wins player 1’s penny.