根据Excel或TXT文件中的特定列与文件夹名称的一一对应关系，挑选数据脚本

matlab版本：

function [names,class_num] = GetFiles(sourceDir)
files = dir(sourceDir);
size0 = size(files);
length = size0(1);
names = files(3:length);  % names(i).name即可获取到对应的文件夹名称
class_num = size(names);
end

clear all;
clc

%[data,name_excel]= xlsread('C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\示例\test1.xls'); % name_excel（i）即为所需要的文件夹名称
name_excel = importdata('C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\示例\test3.txt');
sourceDir = 'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\示例';
targetDir = 'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\target';

[names,class_num] = GetFiles(sourceDir)

%c = name_excel{1}
%b = names(3).name
 for i =1: size(name_excel)
        for j =1:size(names)     
            if isequal(name_excel{i},names(j).name)
                copyfile([sourceDir,'\',names(j).name],[targetDir,'\',names(j).name],'f');
                fprintf('The matching data is the %d file\n',i)
            end
        end
 end
 

Python 版本：

# coding=utf-8
import xlrd
import shutil
import os

def find_col(path):
    
    data = xlrd.open_workbook(path)

    # 查看工作表
    data.sheet_names()
    print("sheets：" + str(data.sheet_names()))

    # 打印data.sheet_names()可发现，返回的值为一个列表，通过对列表索引操作获得工作表1
    table = data.sheet_by_index(0)

    # 获取第一列的所有元素
    aim_col = table.col_values(0)
  
    print("第一列值：\n" +  str(aim_col))
    
    return aim_col

def folder_name(sourceDir):

    dbtype_list = os.listdir(sourceDir)
    for dbtype in dbtype_list[::]:
        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(sourceDir,dbtype)):
            dbtype_list.remove(dbtype)
    print(dbtype_list)
    
    return dbtype_list

import shutil
import os

if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    path_excel = r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\示例\test.xlsx'#excel表格的文件路径
    #sql_dir_war = r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\示例'#目标文件所在的文件路径
    sourceDir = 'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/示例'#目标文件所在的文件路径
    targetDir = 'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/target'
   
    aim_col = find_col(path_excel)
    dbtype_list = folder_name(sql_dir_war)
    print("\n")
    for each_name in aim_col:
        for each_folder in dbtype_list:      
            if each_name == each_folder:
                shutil.copytree(sourceDir+"/"+each_name,targetDir+"/"+each_name)
        
    print("查找完成")