栈（Stack）结构

栈（stack）

栈是限定仅在表尾进行插入和删除操作的线性表，允许插入和删除的一端称为栈顶。

//栈（Stack）：是限定仅在表尾进行插入和删除操作的线性表
//栈有两中操作，入栈和出栈
//栈的抽象数据类型
interface Stack {
	//初始化/
	//init();
	/**销毁 */
	destroy();
	/**清空 */
	clear();
	/**判空 */
	empty(): boolean;
	/**返回栈顶元素 */
	getTop();
	/**入栈 */
	push(obj);
	/**出栈 */
	pop();
	/**栈长 */
	length;
}

//栈的数组实现

class Stack1 implements Stack {
	private _arr: any[];
	private _length: number;
	public constructor() {
		this._arr = [];
		this._length = 0;
	}
	/**销毁 */
	destroy() {
		this._arr = null;
		this._length = null;
	}
	/**清空 */
	clear() {
		while (this._length > 0) {
			this.pop();
		}
		this._arr = [];
	}
	/**栈长 */
	get length() {
		return this._length;
	}
	/**判空 */
	empty(): boolean {
		return this.length == 0;
	}
	/**返回栈顶元素 */
	getTop() {
		return this._length ? this._arr[this._length - 1] : this._arr[0];
	}
	/**入栈 */
	push(obj) {
		this._arr[this._length] = obj;
		this._length++;
	}
	/**出栈 */
	pop() {
		if (this.empty())
			return;
		let element = this._arr[this._length - 1];
		element = null;
		this._arr.length--;
		this._length--;
		return element;
	}
}

//栈的链式结构实现

//Stack的链式实现
class StackNode {
	data: any;
	next: StackNode;
}
class LinkStack implements Stack {
	private _length: number;
	private head: StackNode;
	constructor() {
		this.head = new StackNode();
		this._length = 0;
	}
	/**入栈 */
	push(obj) {
		//obj的next节点接上 head节点的next
		//head节点的next赋值给obj
		let next = new StackNode();
		next.data = obj;
		if (this.empty()) {
			this.head.next = next;
			next.next = null;
		} else {
			next.next = this.head.next;
			this.head.next = next;
		}
		this._length++;
	}
	/**出栈 */
	pop() {
		if (this.empty())
			return;
		//断开head的next节点，并把head的next节点接上head.next的next
		let next = this.head.next;
		this.head.next = next.next;
		next.next = null;
		this._length--;
		return next;
	}
	getTop() {
		return this.head.next;
	}
	/**判空 */
	empty(): boolean {
		return this.length == 0;
	}
	/**栈长 */
	get length() {
		return this._length;
	}

	/**销毁 */
	destroy() {
		this.clear();
		this.head = null;
		this._length = null;
	}
	/**清空 */
	clear() {
		while (this.head.next) {
			let next = this.pop();
			next = null;
		}
	}
}