pytorch的自动求导和简单的线性函数机器学习

自动求导

import torch
x = torch.rand(1)
w = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
b = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)

y = w*x
z=y+b

z.backward(retain_graph=True) #不清空会累加

w.grad
b.grad

线性函数Demo

准备训练数据,并生成矩阵格式

import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
x_values = [i for i in range(11)]
x_train = np.array(x_values, dtype=np.float32)
x_train = x_train.reshape(-1,1)
x_train.shape

y_values = [2*i + 1 for i in x_values]
y_train = np.array(y_values, dtype=np.float32)
y_train = y_train.reshape(-1,1)
y_train.shape

创建训练模型

nn模块提供了创建和训练神经网络的各种工具

class LinearRegressionModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_dim, output_dim):
        super(LinearRegressionModel, self).__init__()
        self.linear = nn.Linear(input_dim, output_dim)
        
    def forward(self, x):
        out = self.linear(x)
        return out
input_dim = 1
output_dim = 1
model = LinearRegressionModel(input_dim, output_dim)
epoches = 1000
learning_rate = 0.01
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
criterion = nn.MSELoss()
for epoch in range(epoches):
    epoch += 1
    inputs = torch.from_numpy(x_train)
    labels = torch.from_numpy(y_train)
    
    optimizer.zero_grad()
    
    outputs = model(inputs)
    
    loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
    
    loss.backward()
    
    optimizer.step()
    if epoch % 50 == 0:
        print('epoch {}, loss {}'.format(epoch, loss.item()))

保存和加载模型

torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'model.pkl')
model.load_state_dict(torch.load('model.pkl'))

GPU训练Demo

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import numpy as np
x_values = [i for i in range(11)]
x_train = np.array(x_values, dtype=np.float32)
x_train = x_train.reshape(-1,1)

y_values = [2*i + 1 for i in x_values]
y_train = np.array(y_values, dtype=np.float32)
y_train = y_train.reshape(-1,1)

class LinearRegressionModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_dim, output_dim):
        super(LinearRegressionModel, self).__init__()
        self.linear = nn.Linear(input_dim, output_dim)
        
    def forward(self, x):
        out = self.linear(x)
        return out
input_dim = 1
output_dim = 1
model = LinearRegressionModel(input_dim, output_dim)
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
model.to(device)
epoches = 1000
learning_rate = 0.01
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
criterion = nn.MSELoss()

for epoch in range(epoches):
    epoch += 1
    inputs = torch.from_numpy(x_train).to(device)
    labels = torch.from_numpy(y_train).to(device)
    
    optimizer.zero_grad()
    
    outputs = model(inputs)
    
    loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
    
    loss.backward()
    
    optimizer.step()
    if epoch % 50 == 0:
        print('epoch {}, loss {}'.format(epoch, loss.item()))