Excel读取
1、打开已经存在的Excel表格
from openpyxl import load_workbook
exl = load_workbook(filename = '20190823.xlsx')
print(exl.sheetnames)
2、根据名称获取表格
sheet = exl['今全单'] # 获取表格
print(sheet.dimensions) # 获取该 表格的维度
3、读取某个单元格的具体内容
cell = sheet.cell(row=1,column=2) # 读取指定行列的cell
print(cell.value)
cell_1 = sheet['A3'] # 根据坐标读取cell
print(cell_1.value)
print(cell_1.row,cell_1.column,cell.coordinate) # 获取cell的行,列,坐标
4、读取多个格子的值
cells = sheet['A1:C8'] # 读取范围内的cells
cells
5、获取指定行或列的值
Row = sheet[1] # 获取第一行的cells
Rows = sheet[1:2] # 获取1到2行的cells
Column = sheet['a'] # 获取第一列的cells,A不分大小写
Columns = sheet['A:c'] # 获取A到C列的cells
6、获取指定范围的值
# 行获取
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row = 1, max_row = 5,
min_col = 2, max_col = 6):
print(row)
# 一列由多个单元格组成,若需要获取每个单元格的值则循环获取即可
for cell in row:
print(cell.value)
# 列获取
for col in sheet.iter_cols(min_row = 1, max_row = 5,
min_col = 2, max_col = 6):
print(col)
for cell in col:
print(cell.value)
联系题
找出test_1.xlsx中sheet1表中空着的格子,并输出这些格子的坐标
from openpyxl import load_workbook
exl = load_workbood('test_1.xlsx')
sheet = exl.active
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row = 1, max_row = 29972,
min_col = 1, max_col = 10):
#具体查看对应表格的行列数
for cell in row:
if not cell.value:
print(cell.coordinate)
Excel写入
1、对单元格赋值并保存
from openpyxl import load_workbook
exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
sheet = exl.active
sheet['A1'] = 'hello world'
#或者cell = sheet['A1']
#cell.value = 'hello world'
exl.save(filename = 'test.xlsx') #存入原Excel表中,若创建新文件则可命名为不同名称
2、新建表格并对单元格赋值
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8')
# 创建一个sheet
sheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
# 写入excel
# 参数对应 行, 列, 值
sheet.write(1,0,label = 'this is test')
# 保存
workbook.save('new_test.xls')
3、写入多行数据
data = [['hello',22,'hi'],
['hell',23,'h'],
['he',25,'him']]
for i in range(len(data)):
for j in range(len(data[i])):
worksheet.write(i,j,data[i][j])
exl.save(filename = 'test.xlsx')
4、将公式保存到单元格
sheet['A2'] = 'SUM(A1:D1)'
exl.save(filename='test.xlsx')
5、插入新的一列或一行(空白)
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2) #idx=2第2列,第2列前插入一列
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2, amount=5) # 插入多列
#插入一行
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2)
#插入多行
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2, amount=5)
6、删除
sheet.delete_cols(idx=5, amount=2) #删除第5列后面2列
sheet.delete_rows(idx=2, amount=5) # 删除第2行后面的5行(包括第2行)
7、移动
当数字为正即向下或向右,为负即为向上或向左
sheet.move_range('C5:F10', row=2, cols=-3)
8、创建新的sheet
from openpyxl import load_workbook
exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
print(exl.sheetnames)
exl.create_sheet('new_sheet')
exl.copy_worksheet(sheet) # 复制已有的sheet
sheet = exl.active # 修改sheet名字
sheet.title = 'newname'
9、创建新的Excel表
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
workbook.save(filename = 'new_test.xlsx')
Excel 样式
设置字体样式
1、设置字体样式
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet['A1']
font = Font(name='字体', sizee=10, bold=True, italic=True, color='FF0000')
cell.font = font
workbook.save(filename='new_test')
2、设置多个格子的字体样式
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
cells = sheet[2]
font = Font(name='字体', size=10, bold=True, italic=True, color='FF000000')
for cell in cells:
cell.font = font
workbook.save(filename='new_test.xlsx')
设置对齐样式
水平对齐:distributed, justify, center, left, fill, centerContinuous, right, general
垂直对齐:bottom, distributed, justify, center, top
1、设置单元格边框格式
Side(style变现样式, color边线颜色)
Border(左右上下边线)
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font,Side,Border
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet['A1']
side = Side(style='thin', color='FF000000')
#先定好side的格式
border = Border(left=side, right=side, top=side, bottom=side)
#代入边线中
cell.border = border
workbook.save(filename='new_test.xlsx')
2、设置单元格边框样式
变现样式:double, mediumDashDotDot, slantDashDot, dashDotDot, dotted, hair, mediumDashed, dashed, dashDot, thin, mediumDashDot, medium, thick
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font,PatternFill,Color,GradientFill
workbook = Workbook()
bgcolor='FFFFFFFF'
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet['A1']
pattern_fill = PatternFill(fill_type='solid', fgColor=Color(bgcolor) )
cell.fill = pattern_fill
#单色填充
cell2 = sheet['A3']
gradient_fill = GradientFill(stop=('FFFFFF', '99ccff','000000'))
cell2.fill = gradient_fill
#渐变填充
workbook.save(filename='new_test.xlsx')
3、设置行高与列宽
from openpyxl import Workbook
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 20 workbook.save(filename='new_test.xlsx')
4、合并、取消合并单元格
sheet.merge_cells('A1:B2')
sheet.merge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=3,
end_row=2, end_column=4)
sheet.unmerge_cells('A1:B2')
sheet.unmerge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=3,
end_row=2, end_column=4)
练习题
打开test文件,找出文件中购买数量buy_mount超过5的行,并对其标红、加粗、附上边框。
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Side, Border
workbook = load_workbook('./test.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
buy_mount = sheet['F']
row_lst = []
for cell in buy_mount:
if isinstance(cell.value, int) and cell.value > 5:
print(cell.row)
row_lst.append(cell.row)
side = Side(style='thin', color='FF000000')
border = Border(left=side, right=side, top=side, bottom=side)
font = Font(bold=True, color='FF0000')
for row in row_lst:
for cell in sheet[row]:
cell.font = font
cell.border = border
workbook.save('new_test'.xlsx')