基于Android11
要启动Service，我们会调用startService方法，它的实现在ContextWrapper中，代码如下所示：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java
public class ContextWrapper extends Context {
Context mBase;
...
@Override
public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
return mBase.startService(service);
}
...
}
在startService方法中会调用mBase的startService方法，Context类型的mBase对象具体指的是什么呢？
ActivityThread启动Activity时会调用如下代码创建Activity的上下文环境。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
/** Core implementation of activity launch. */
3312 private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
3313 ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
3314 if (r.packageInfo == null) {
3315 r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo,
3316 Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
3317 }
3318
3319 ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
3320 if (component == null) {
3321 component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
3322 mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
3323 r.intent.setComponent(component);
3324 }
3325
3326 if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
3327 component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
3328 r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
3329 }
3330
3331 ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
3332 Activity activity = null;
3333 try {
3334 java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
3335 activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
3336 cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
3337 StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
3338 r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
3339 r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
3340 if (r.state != null) {
3341 r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
3342 }
3343 } catch (Exception e) {
3344 if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
3345 throw new RuntimeException(
3346 "Unable to instantiate activity " + component
3347 + ": " + e.toString(), e);
3348 }
3349 }
3350
3351 try {
3352 Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
3353
3354 if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Performing launch of " + r);
3355 if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
3356 TAG, r + ": app=" + app
3357 + ", appName=" + app.getPackageName()
3358 + ", pkg=" + r.packageInfo.getPackageName()
3359 + ", comp=" + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
3360 + ", dir=" + r.packageInfo.getAppDir());
3361
3362 if (activity != null) {
3363 CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
3364 Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
3365 if (r.overrideConfig != null) {
3366 config.updateFrom(r.overrideConfig);
3367 }
3368 if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity "
3369 + r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config);
3370 Window window = null;
3371 if (r.mPendingRemoveWindow != null && r.mPreserveWindow) {
3372 window = r.mPendingRemoveWindow;
3373 r.mPendingRemoveWindow = null;
3374 r.mPendingRemoveWindowManager = null;
3375 }
3376
3377 // Activity resources must be initialized with the same loaders as the
3378 // application context.
3379 appContext.getResources().addLoaders(
3380 app.getResources().getLoaders().toArray(new ResourcesLoader[0]));
3381
3382 appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
3383 activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
3384 r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
3385 r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
3386 r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback,
3387 r.assistToken);
3388
3389 if (customIntent != null) {
3390 activity.mIntent = customIntent;
3391 }
3392 r.lastNonConfigurationInstances = null;
3393 checkAndBlockForNetworkAccess();
3394 activity.mStartedActivity = false;
3395 int theme = r.activityInfo.getThemeResource();
3396 if (theme != 0) {
3397 activity.setTheme(theme);
3398 }
3399
3400 activity.mCalled = false;
3401 if (r.isPersistable()) {
3402 mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
3403 } else {
3404 mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
3405 }
3406 if (!activity.mCalled) {
3407 throw new SuperNotCalledException(
3408 "Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
3409 " did not call through to super.onCreate()");
3410 }
3411 r.activity = activity;
3412 mLastReportedWindowingMode.put(activity.getActivityToken(),
3413 config.windowConfiguration.getWindowingMode());
3414 }
3415 r.setState(ON_CREATE);
3416
3417 // updatePendingActivityConfiguration() reads from mActivities to update
3418 // ActivityClientRecord which runs in a different thread. Protect modifications to
3419 // mActivities to avoid race.
3420 synchronized (mResourcesManager) {
3421 mActivities.put(r.token, r);
3422 }
3423
3424 } catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
3425 throw e;
3426
3427 } catch (Exception e) {
3428 if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
3429 throw new RuntimeException(
3430 "Unable to start activity " + component
3431 + ": " + e.toString(), e);
3432 }
3433 }
3434
3435 return activity;
3436 }
在3331 行我们可以看到创建了上下文对象appContext ，并传入Activity的attach方法中，将Activity与上下文对象appContext 关联起来，这个上下文对象appContext 的具体类型是什么，我们接着查看createBaseContextForActivity方法，代码如下所示：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
private ContextImpl createBaseContextForActivity(ActivityClientRecord r) {
3514 final int displayId;
3515 try {
3516 displayId = ActivityTaskManager.getService().getDisplayId(r.token);
3517 } catch (RemoteException e) {
3518 throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
3519 }
3520
3521 ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createActivityContext(
3522 this, r.packageInfo, r.activityInfo, r.token, displayId, r.overrideConfig);
3523
3524 // The rotation adjustments must be applied before creating the activity, so the activity
3525 // can get the adjusted display info during creation.
3526 if (r.mPendingFixedRotationAdjustments != null) {
3527 // The adjustments should have been set by handleLaunchActivity, so the last one is the
3528 // override for activity resources.
3529 if (mActiveRotationAdjustments != null && !mActiveRotationAdjustments.isEmpty()) {
3530 mResourcesManager.overrideTokenDisplayAdjustments(r.token,
3531 mActiveRotationAdjustments.get(
3532 mActiveRotationAdjustments.size() - 1).second);
3533 }
3534 r.mPendingFixedRotationAdjustments = null;
3535 }
3536
3537 final DisplayManagerGlobal dm = DisplayManagerGlobal.getInstance();
3538 // For debugging purposes, if the activity's package name contains the value of
3539 // the "debug.use-second-display" system property as a substring, then show
3540 // its content on a secondary display if there is one.
3541 String pkgName = SystemProperties.get("debug.second-display.pkg");
3542 if (pkgName != null && !pkgName.isEmpty()
3543 && r.packageInfo.mPackageName.contains(pkgName)) {
3544 for (int id : dm.getDisplayIds()) {
3545 if (id != Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY) {
3546 Display display =
3547 dm.getCompatibleDisplay(id, appContext.getResources());
3548 appContext = (ContextImpl) appContext.createDisplayContext(display);
3549 break;
3550 }
3551 }
3552 }
3553 return appContext;
3554 }
这里可以得出结论，上下文对象appContext 的具体类型就是ContextImpl 。Activity的attach方法中将ContextImpl赋值给ContextWrapper的成员变量mBase中，因此，mBase具体指向就是ContextImpl 。
那么，我们紧接着来查看ContextImpl的startService方法，代码如下所示：
@Override
@Override
1668 public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
1669 warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
1670 return startServiceCommon(service, false, mUser);
1671 }
1672
1695 private ComponentName startServiceCommon(Intent service, boolean requireForeground,
1696 UserHandle user) {
1697 try {
1698 validateServiceIntent(service);
1699 service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
1700 ComponentName cn = ActivityManager.getService().startService(
1701 mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service,
1702 service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()), requireForeground,
1703 getOpPackageName(), getAttributionTag(), user.getIdentifier());
1704 if (cn != null) {
1705 if (cn.getPackageName().equals("!")) {
1706 throw new SecurityException(
1707 "Not allowed to start service " + service
1708 + " without permission " + cn.getClassName());
1709 } else if (cn.getPackageName().equals("!!")) {
1710 throw new SecurityException(
1711 "Unable to start service " + service
1712 + ": " + cn.getClassName());
1713 } else if (cn.getPackageName().equals("?")) {
1714 throw new IllegalStateException(
1715 "Not allowed to start service " + service + ": " + cn.getClassName());
1716 }
1717 }
1718 return cn;
1719 } catch (RemoteException e) {
1720 throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
1721 }
1722 }
startService方法中会return startServiceCommon方法，在startServiceCommon方法中会在1700行处调用ActivityManager的getService方法,会返回一个IActivityManager 单例对象。对应的是ActivityManagerService继承IActivityManager.stub
@UnsupportedAppUsage
4545 public static IActivityManager getService() {
4546 return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
4547 }
4548
4549 private static IActivityTaskManager getTaskService() {
4550 return ActivityTaskManager.getService();
4551 }
4552
4553 @UnsupportedAppUsage
4554 private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> IActivityManagerSingleton =
4555 new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
4556 @Override
4557 protected IActivityManager create() {
4558 final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
4559 final IActivityManager am = IActivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
4560 return am;
4561 }
4562 };
4563
我们继续看startService的实现：
@Override
public ComponentName startService(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service,
String resolvedType, boolean requireForeground, String callingPackage, int userId)
throws TransactionTooLargeException {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startService");
// Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
if (service != null && service.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
}
if (callingPackage == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("callingPackage cannot be null");
}
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE,
"*** startService: " + service + " type=" + resolvedType + " fg=" + requireForeground);
synchronized(this) {
// 获取进程号
final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
// 获取线程号
final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
ComponentName res;
try {
// 关键方法，调用startServiceLocked()
res = mServices.startServiceLocked(caller, service,
resolvedType, callingPid, callingUid,
requireForeground, callingPackage, userId);
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
return res;
}
}
剩下的转入ActiveServices这个类的内部实现，不做赘述了。
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