python： python求各种距离公式

一.  scipy.spatial 模块的介绍

在scipy.spatial中最重要的模块应该就是距离计算模块distance了。

from scipy import spatial

距离计算
矩阵距离计算函数
矩阵参数每行代表一个观测值，计算结果就是每行之间的metric距离。Distance matrix computation from a collection of raw observation vectors stored in a rectangular array.

向量距离计算函数Distance functions between two vectors u and v
Distance functions between two vectors u and v. Computingdistances over a large collection of vectors is inefficient for thesefunctions. Use pdist for this purpose.

输入的参数应该是向量，也就是维度应该是(n, )，当然也可以是(1, n)它会使用squeeze自动去掉维度为1的维度；但是如果是多维向量，至少有两个维度>1就会出错。

e.g. spatial.distance.correlation(u, v)    #计算向量u和v之间的相关系数（pearson correlation coefficient, Centered Cosine）

Note: 如果向量u和v元素数目都只有一个或者某个向量中所有元素相同（分母norm(u - u.mean())为0），那么相关系数当然计算无效，会返回nan。

braycurtis(u, v)    Computes the Bray-Curtis distance between two 1-D arrays.
canberra(u, v)    Computes the Canberra distance between two 1-D arrays.
chebyshev(u, v)    Computes the Chebyshev distance.
cityblock(u, v)    Computes the City Block (Manhattan) distance.
correlation(u, v)    Computes the correlation distance between two 1-D arrays.
cosine(u, v)    Computes the Cosine distance between 1-D arrays.
dice(u, v)    Computes the Dice dissimilarity between two boolean 1-D arrays.
euclidean(u, v)    Computes the Euclidean distance between two 1-D arrays.
hamming(u, v)    Computes the Hamming distance between two 1-D arrays.
jaccard(u, v)    Computes the Jaccard-Needham dissimilarity betwee