Ribbon 默认负载均衡算法 原理 + 手写

负载均衡算法： 轮询

rest 接口第几次请求数 % 服务器集群总数量 = 实际调用服务器位置下标
每次服务器重启后rest接口数从1开始

List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PROVIDER-SERVICE")

如：

List[0] instances = 127.0.0.1:8002

List[1] instances = 127.0.0.1:8001

8001 + 8002 组合成为集群，它们共计2台机器，集群总数为2，按照轮询算法原理：

总请求数	对应下标	获得服务器地址
1	1 % 2 = 1	127.0.0.1:8001
2	2 % 2 = 0	127.0.0.1:8002
3	3 % 2 = 1	127.0.0.1:8001
4	4 % 2 = 0	127.0.0.1:8002
如此类推…	…	…

源码：

//IRule接口
public interface IRule{
    /*
     * choose one alive server from lb.allServers or
     * lb.upServers according to key
     * 
     * @return choosen Server object. NULL is returned if none
     *  server is available 
     */
	//选择哪个服务实例
    public Server choose(Object key);
    
    public void setLoadBalancer(ILoadBalancer lb);
    
    public ILoadBalancer getLoadBalancer();    
}

public class RoundRobinRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule {

    private AtomicInteger nextServerCyclicCounter;
    private static final boolean AVAILABLE_ONLY_SERVERS = true;
    private static final boolean ALL_SERVERS = false;

    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RoundRobinRule.class);

    public RoundRobinRule() {
        nextServerCyclicCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
    }

    public RoundRobinRule(ILoadBalancer lb) {
        this();
        setLoadBalancer(lb);
    }

    public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) {
        if (lb == null) {
            log.warn("no load balancer");
            return null;
        }

        Server server = null;
        int count = 0;
        while (server == null && count++ < 10) {
            List<Server> reachableServers = lb.getReachableServers();
            List<Server> allServers = lb.getAllServers();
            int upCount = reachableServers.size();
            int serverCount = allServers.size();

            if ((upCount == 0) || (serverCount == 0)) {
                log.warn("No up servers available from load balancer: " + lb);
                return null;
            }

            int nextServerIndex = incrementAndGetModulo(serverCount);
            server = allServers.get(nextServerIndex);

            if (server == null) {
                /* Transient. */
                Thread.yield();
                continue;
            }

            if (server.isAlive() && (server.isReadyToServe())) {
                return (server);
            }

            // Next.
            server = null;
        }

        if (count >= 10) {
            log.warn("No available alive servers after 10 tries from load balancer: "
                    + lb);
        }
        return server;
    }

    /**
     * Inspired by the implementation of {@link AtomicInteger#incrementAndGet()}.
     *
     * @param modulo The modulo to bound the value of the counter.
     * @return The next value.
     */
    private int incrementAndGetModulo(int modulo) {
        for (;;) {
            int current = nextServerCyclicCounter.get();
            int next = (current + 1) % modulo;
            if (nextServerCyclicCounter.compareAndSet(current, next))
                return next;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Server choose(Object key) {
        return choose(getLoadBalancer(), key);
    }

    @Override
    public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig) {
    }
}

手写轮询算法：

• 7001/7002集群启动
• 8001/8002微服务改造
  
  
• 80订单微服务改造

1. 不使用ribbon自带的负载均衡，ApplicationContextConfig 去掉注解@LoadBalanced
   
2. LoadBalancer 接口

package com.atguigu.springcloud.lb;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 模拟 ILoadBalancer 的接口，选择哪一个负载算法和机器
 * @author wsk
 * @date 2020/3/13 17:11
 */
public interface LoadBalancer {
    //获取eureka上的活着的机器总数
    ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstanceList);

}

3. MyLB

package com.atguigu.springcloud.lb;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
 * Ribbon 手写轮询算法
 * @author wsk
 * @date 2020/3/13 17:16
 */
@Component
public class MyLB implements LoadBalancer {
    //原子类
    private AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);

    public final int getAndIncrement(){
        int current;
        int next;
        do{
            current = this.atomicInteger.get();
            //超过最大值，为0，重新计数 2147483647 Integer.MAX_VALUE
            next = current >= 2147483647 ? 0 : current + 1;
            //自旋锁
        }while (!this.atomicInteger.compareAndSet(current,next));
        System.out.println("*****第几次访问，次数next："+next);
        return next;
    }

    @Override
    public ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstance) {
        int index = getAndIncrement() % serviceInstance.size();
        return serviceInstance.get(index);
    }
}

4. OrderController

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.lb.LoadBalancer;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    //private static final String PAYMENT_URL="http://localhost:8001";
    //通过在eureka上注册过的微服务名称调用
    private static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://CLOUD-PROVIDER-SERVICE";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    /**
     * 自定义负载均衡规则
     */
    @Resource
    private LoadBalancer loadBalancer;
    @Resource
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/getForEntity/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment2(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        ResponseEntity<CommonResult> entity = restTemplate.getForEntity(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class);

        if(entity.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()){
            return entity.getBody();
        }else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"操作失败");
        }
    }
	/**
     * 路由规则：轮询
     * @param 
     * @return 
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/lb")
    public String getPaymentLB(){
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PROVIDER-SERVICE");
        if(instances == null || instances.size() <= 0){
            return null;
        }
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer.instances(instances);
        URI uri = serviceInstance.getUri();
        return restTemplate.getForObject(uri+"/payment/lb",String.class);
    }
}

5. 启动80 测试
   
   多次刷新，会发现8001、8002依次出现，控制台也打印消息