python 3个点和多维切片 CIOU的计算实例讲解

1 基本使用

三个维度以下的看看这个就行了

python 多维切片之冒号和三个点
https://blog.csdn.net/z13653662052/article/details/78010654

2高纬张量切片

五个维度的如何理解？
先看最后两位就是我们常规理解的矩阵 几行几列
a = np.arange(720).reshape((2,3,4,5,6))
a 就是 很多个五行六列的矩阵
注意观察中括号
开头有五个中括号总共720个数
包括 2个 四个中括号的张量
一个 四个中括号的张量 是由3个有3个中括号的张量构成的
一个 三个中括号的张量是由4 个有2个中括号的张量构成的
一个 两个中括号的张量就是 5 * 6 的矩阵了

具体的切片操作复试代码显示看一下

[[[[[  0   1   2   3   4   5]
    [  6   7   8   9  10  11]
    [ 12  13  14  15  16  17]
    [ 18  19  20  21  22  23]
    [ 24  25  26  27  28  29]]

   [[ 30  31  32  33  34  35]
    [ 36  37  38  39  40  41]
    [ 42  43  44  45  46  47]
    [ 48  49  50  51  52  53]
    [ 54  55  56  57  58  59]]

   [[ 60  61  62  63  64  65]
    [ 66  67  68  69  70  71]
    [ 72  73  74  75  76  77]
    [ 78  79  80  81  82  83]
    [ 84  85  86  87  88  89]]

   [[ 90  91  92  93  94  95]
    [ 96  97  98  99 100 101]
    [102 103 104 105 106 107]
    [108 109 110 111 112 113]
    [114 115 116 117 118 119]]]


  [[[120 121 122 123 124 125]
    [126 127 128 129 130 131]
    [132 133 134 135 136 137]
    [138 139 140 141 142 143]
    [144 145 146 147 148 149]]

   [[150 151 152 153 154 155]
    [156 157 158 159 160 161]
    [162 163 164 165 166 167]
    [168 169 170 171 172 173]
    [174 175 176 177 178 179]]

   [[180 181 182 183 184 185]
    [186 187 188 189 190 191]
    [192 193 194 195 196 197]
    [198 199 200 201 202 203]
    [204 205 206 207 208 209]]

   [[210 211 212 213 214 215]
    [216 217 218 219 220 221]
    [222 223 224 225 226 227]
    [228 229 230 231 232 233]
    [234 235 236 237 238 239]]]


  [[[240 241 242 243 244 245]
    [246 247 248 249 250 251]
    [252 253 254 255 256 257]
    [258 259 260 261 262 263]
    [264 265 266 267 268 269]]

   [[270 271 272 273 274 275]
    [276 277 278 279 280 281]
    [282 283 284 285 286 287]
    [288 289 290 291 292 293]
    [294 295 296 297 298 299]]

   [[300 301 302 303 304 305]
    [306 307 308 309 310 311]
    [312 313 314 315 316 317]
    [318 319 320 321 322 323]
    [324 325 326 327 328 329]]

   [[330 331 332 333 334 335]
    [336 337 338 339 340 341]
    [342 343 344 345 346 347]
    [348 349 350 351 352 353]
    [354 355 356 357 358 359]]]]



 [[[[360 361 362 363 364 365]
    [366 367 368 369 370 371]
    [372 373 374 375 376 377]
    [378 379 380 381 382 383]
    [384 385 386 387 388 389]]

   [[390 391 392 393 394 395]
    [396 397 398 399 400 401]
    [402 403 404 405 406 407]
    [408 409 410 411 412 413]
    [414 415 416 417 418 419]]

   [[420 421 422 423 424 425]
    [426 427 428 429 430 431]
    [432 433 434 435 436 437]
    [438 439 440 441 442 443]
    [444 445 446 447 448 449]]

   [[450 451 452 453 454 455]
    [456 457 458 459 460 461]
    [462 463 464 465 466 467]
    [468 469 470 471 472 473]
    [474 475 476 477 478 479]]]


  [[[480 481 482 483 484 485]
    [486 487 488 489 490 491]
    [492 493 494 495 496 497]
    [498 499 500 501 502 503]
    [504 505 506 507 508 509]]

   [[510 511 512 513 514 515]
    [516 517 518 519 520 521]
    [522 523 524 525 526 527]
    [528 529 530 531 532 533]
    [534 535 536 537 538 539]]

   [[540 541 542 543 544 545]
    [546 547 548 549 550 551]
    [552 553 554 555 556 557]
    [558 559 560 561 562 563]
    [564 565 566 567 568 569]]

   [[570 571 572 573 574 575]
    [576 577 578 579 580 581]
    [582 583 584 585 586 587]
    [588 589 590 591 592 593]
    [594 595 596 597 598 599]]]


  [[[600 601 602 603 604 605]
    [606 607 608 609 610 611]
    [612 613 614 615 616 617]
    [618 619 620 621 622 623]
    [624 625 626 627 628 629]]

   [[630 631 632 633 634 635]
    [636 637 638 639 640 641]
    [642 643 644 645 646 647]
    [648 649 650 651 652 653]
    [654 655 656 657 658 659]]

   [[660 661 662 663 664 665]
    [666 667 668 669 670 671]
    [672 673 674 675 676 677]
    [678 679 680 681 682 683]
    [684 685 686 687 688 689]]

   [[690 691 692 693 694 695]
    [696 697 698 699 700 701]
    [702 703 704 705 706 707]
    [708 709 710 711 712 713]
    [714 715 716 717 718 719]]]]]

a[…,0]注意看和a[…,0:1] 的shape区别
print(a[…,0].shape)
(2, 3, 4, 5)
print(a[…,0:1].shape)
(2, 3, 4, 5, 1)
可以参考看下这个 python中的a[…,0],或者a[…,0:1]
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44487483/article/details/116085502

print(a[...,0])
[[[[  0   6  12  18  24]
   [ 30  36  42  48  54]
   [ 60  66  72  78  84]
   [ 90  96 102 108 114]]
  [[120 126 132 138 144]
   [150 156 162 168 174]
   [180 186 192 198 204]
   [210 216 222 228 234]]
  [[240 246 252 258 264]
   [270 276 282 288 294]
   [300 306 312 318 324]
   [330 336 342 348 354]]]
 [[[360 366 372 378 384]
   [390 396 402 408 414]
   [420 426 432 438 444]
   [450 456 462 468 474]]
  [[480 486 492 498 504]
   [510 516 522 528 534]
   [540 546 552 558 564]
   [570 576 582 588 594]]
  [[600 606 612 618 624]
   [630 636 642 648 654]
   [660 666 672 678 684]
   [690 696 702 708 714]]]]

print(a[…,1])

[[[[  1   7  13  19  25]
   [ 31  37  43  49  55]
   [ 61  67  73  79  85]
   [ 91  97 103 109 115]]
  [[121 127 133 139 145]
   [151 157 163 169 175]
   [181 187 193 199 205]
   [211 217 223 229 235]]
  [[241 247 253 259 265]
   [271 277 283 289 295]
   [301 307 313 319 325]
   [331 337 343 349 355]]]
 [[[361 367 373 379 385]
   [391 397 403 409 415]
   [421 427 433 439 445]
   [451 457 463 469 475]]
  [[481 487 493 499 505]
   [511 517 523 529 535]
   [541 547 553 559 565]
   [571 577 583 589 595]]
  [[601 607 613 619 625]
   [631 637 643 649 655]
   [661 667 673 679 685]
   [691 697 703 709 715]]]]

print(a[…,0:1]) 和print(a[…,:1])是一样的

[[[[[  0]
    [  6]
    [ 12]
    [ 18]
    [ 24]]
   [[ 30]
    [ 36]
    [ 42]
    [ 48]
    [ 54]]
   [[ 60]
    [ 66]
    [ 72]
    [ 78]
    [ 84]]
   [[ 90]
    [ 96]
    [102]
    [108]
    [114]]]
  [[[120]
    [126]
    [132]
    [138]
    [144]]
   [[150]
    [156]
    [162]
    [168]
    [174]]
   [[180]
    [186]
    [192]
    [198]
    [204]]
   [[210]
    [216]
    [222]
    [228]
    [234]]]
  [[[240]
    [246]
    [252]
    [258]
    [264]]
   [[270]
    [276]
    [282]
    [288]
    [294]]
   [[300]
    [306]
    [312]
    [318]
    [324]]
   [[330]
    [336]
    [342]
    [348]
    [354]]]]
 [[[[360]
    [366]
    [372]
    [378]
    [384]]
   [[390]
    [396]
    [402]
    [408]
    [414]]
   [[420]
    [426]
    [432]
    [438]
    [444]]
   [[450]
    [456]
    [462]
    [468]
    [474]]]
  [[[480]
    [486]
    [492]
    [498]
    [504]]
   [[510]
    [516]
    [522]
    [528]
    [534]]
   [[540]
    [546]
    [552]
    [558]
    [564]]
   [[570]
    [576]
    [582]
    [588]
    [594]]]
  [[[600]
    [606]
    [612]
    [618]
    [624]]
   [[630]
    [636]
    [642]
    [648]
    [654]]
   [[660]
    [666]
    [672]
    [678]
    [684]]
   [[690]
    [696]
    [702]
    [708]
    [714]]]]]

print(a[...,:2])
[[[[[  0   1]
    [  6   7]
    [ 12  13]
    [ 18  19]
    [ 24  25]]
   [[ 30  31]
    [ 36  37]
    [ 42  43]
    [ 48  49]
    [ 54  55]]
   [[ 60  61]
    [ 66  67]
    [ 72  73]
    [ 78  79]
    [ 84  85]]
   [[ 90  91]
    [ 96  97]
    [102 103]
    [108 109]
    [114 115]]]
  [[[120 121]
    [126 127]
    [132 133]
    [138 139]
    [144 145]]
   [[150 151]
    [156 157]
    [162 163]
    [168 169]
    [174 175]]
   [[180 181]
    [186 187]
    [192 193]
    [198 199]
    [204 205]]
   [[210 211]
    [216 217]
    [222 223]
    [228 229]
    [234 235]]]
  [[[240 241]
    [246 247]
    [252 253]
    [258 259]
    [264 265]]
   [[270 271]
    [276 277]
    [282 283]
    [288 289]
    [294 295]]
   [[300 301]
    [306 307]
    [312 313]
    [318 319]
    [324 325]]
   [[330 331]
    [336 337]
    [342 343]
    [348 349]
    [354 355]]]]
 [[[[360 361]
    [366 367]
    [372 373]
    [378 379]
    [384 385]]
   [[390 391]
    [396 397]
    [402 403]
    [408 409]
    [414 415]]
   [[420 421]
    [426 427]
    [432 433]
    [438 439]
    [444 445]]
   [[450 451]
    [456 457]
    [462 463]
    [468 469]
    [474 475]]]
  [[[480 481]
    [486 487]
    [492 493]
    [498 499]
    [504 505]]
   [[510 511]
    [516 517]
    [522 523]
    [528 529]
    [534 535]]
   [[540 541]
    [546 547]
    [552 553]
    [558 559]
    [564 565]]
   [[570 571]
    [576 577]
    [582 583]
    [588 589]
    [594 595]]]
  [[[600 601]
    [606 607]
    [612 613]
    [618 619]
    [624 625]]
   [[630 631]
    [636 637]
    [642 643]
    [648 649]
    [654 655]]
   [[660 661]
    [666 667]
    [672 673]
    [678 679]
    [684 685]]
   [[690 691]
    [696 697]
    [702 703]
    [708 709]
    [714 715]]]]]

输出看一下就理解了。
print(a[:2, :3]） 输出所有的720个数，

print(a[:2, :3].shape)
(2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

print(a[1:2,:3])和print（a[1,:3]）输出是一样的

print(a[1:2,:3].shape)
(1, 3, 4, 5, 6)
print(a[1:2,:3])
[[[[[360 361 362 363 364 365]
    [366 367 368 369 370 371]
    [372 373 374 375 376 377]
    [378 379 380 381 382 383]
    [384 385 386 387 388 389]]
   [[390 391 392 393 394 395]
    [396 397 398 399 400 401]
    [402 403 404 405 406 407]
    [408 409 410 411 412 413]
    [414 415 416 417 418 419]]
   [[420 421 422 423 424 425]
    [426 427 428 429 430 431]
    [432 433 434 435 436 437]
    [438 439 440 441 442 443]
    [444 445 446 447 448 449]]
   [[450 451 452 453 454 455]
    [456 457 458 459 460 461]
    [462 463 464 465 466 467]
    [468 469 470 471 472 473]
    [474 475 476 477 478 479]]]
  [[[480 481 482 483 484 485]
    [486 487 488 489 490 491]
    [492 493 494 495 496 497]
    [498 499 500 501 502 503]
    [504 505 506 507 508 509]]
   [[510 511 512 513 514 515]
    [516 517 518 519 520 521]
    [522 523 524 525 526 527]
    [528 529 530 531 532 533]
    [534 535 536 537 538 539]]
   [[540 541 542 543 544 545]
    [546 547 548 549 550 551]
    [552 553 554 555 556 557]
    [558 559 560 561 562 563]
    [564 565 566 567 568 569]]
   [[570 571 572 573 574 575]
    [576 577 578 579 580 581]
    [582 583 584 585 586 587]
    [588 589 590 591 592 593]
    [594 595 596 597 598 599]]]
  [[[600 601 602 603 604 605]
    [606 607 608 609 610 611]
    [612 613 614 615 616 617]
    [618 619 620 621 622 623]
    [624 625 626 627 628 629]]
   [[630 631 632 633 634 635]
    [636 637 638 639 640 641]
    [642 643 644 645 646 647]
    [648 649 650 651 652 653]
    [654 655 656 657 658 659]]
   [[660 661 662 663 664 665]
    [666 667 668 669 670 671]
    [672 673 674 675 676 677]
    [678 679 680 681 682 683]
    [684 685 686 687 688 689]]
   [[690 691 692 693 694 695]
    [696 697 698 699 700 701]
    [702 703 704 705 706 707]
    [708 709 710 711 712 713]
    [714 715 716 717 718 719]]]]]

print(a[1:2,2:3])和 print(a[1:2,2])输出是一样的。可以这么理解，a前两个维度是2*3，一个切片就是720/6=120个数

[[[[[600 601 602 603 604 605]
    [606 607 608 609 610 611]
    [612 613 614 615 616 617]
    [618 619 620 621 622 623]
    [624 625 626 627 628 629]]
   [[630 631 632 633 634 635]
    [636 637 638 639 640 641]
    [642 643 644 645 646 647]
    [648 649 650 651 652 653]
    [654 655 656 657 658 659]]
   [[660 661 662 663 664 665]
    [666 667 668 669 670 671]
    [672 673 674 675 676 677]
    [678 679 680 681 682 683]
    [684 685 686 687 688 689]]
   [[690 691 692 693 694 695]
    [696 697 698 699 700 701]
    [702 703 704 705 706 707]
    [708 709 710 711 712 713]
    [714 715 716 717 718 719]]]]]

注意以下输出与print(a[1,:3].shape)都是一样的，输出的内容也是一样的都是360-720，这个表示720在第一个维度上切片。
print(a[1:2,:4].shape)
(1, 3, 4, 5, 6)
print(a[1:3, :5].shape)
(1, 3, 4, 5, 6)
print(a[1:2,:6].shape)
(1, 3, 4, 5, 6)

import numpy as np

a = np.arange(720).reshape((2,3,4,5,6)) #五行六列 4个五行六列  3个(4个五行六列） 
print(a)
# print(a[..., :])
# print(a[2:3, 2:5,None])
# []
# print(a[2:3, :5])
# []
# print(a[1:3, :5])等效于print(a[1,:3])
# print(a[1:3, 2:5])等效于print(a[1:3,2:3])等效于print(a[1, 2:3])
# print(a[1:3, 2:5,None])等效于print(a[1, 2:3,None])
# print(a[...,2])
# print(a[...,2:4])
# b = a[...,2:4]
# print(b/2)

3 实战代码演练

yolo4 中CIOU的计算

def box_ciou(b1, b2):
    """
    输入为：
    ----------
    b1: tensor, shape=(batch, feat_w, feat_h, anchor_num, 4), xywh
    b2: tensor, shape=(batch, feat_w, feat_h, anchor_num, 4), xywh

    返回为：
    -------
    ciou: tensor, shape=(batch, feat_w, feat_h, anchor_num, 1)
    """
    # 求出预测框左上角右下角
    b1_xy = b1[..., :2]
    b1_wh = b1[..., 2:4]
    b1_wh_half = b1_wh/2.
    b1_mins = b1_xy - b1_wh_half
    b1_maxes = b1_xy + b1_wh_half
    # 求出真实框左上角右下角
    b2_xy = b2[..., :2]
    b2_wh = b2[..., 2:4]
    b2_wh_half = b2_wh/2.
    b2_mins = b2_xy - b2_wh_half
    b2_maxes = b2_xy + b2_wh_half

    # 求真实框和预测框所有的iou
    intersect_mins = K.maximum(b1_mins, b2_mins)
    intersect_maxes = K.minimum(b1_maxes, b2_maxes)
    intersect_wh = K.maximum(intersect_maxes - intersect_mins, 0.)
    intersect_area = intersect_wh[..., 0] * intersect_wh[..., 1]
    b1_area = b1_wh[..., 0] * b1_wh[..., 1]
    b2_area = b2_wh[..., 0] * b2_wh[..., 1]
    union_area = b1_area + b2_area - intersect_area
    iou = intersect_area / (union_area + K.epsilon())

    # 计算中心的差距
    center_distance = K.sum(K.square(b1_xy - b2_xy), axis=-1)
    # 找到包裹两个框的最小框的左上角和右下角
    enclose_mins = K.minimum(b1_mins, b2_mins)
    enclose_maxes = K.maximum(b1_maxes, b2_maxes)
    enclose_wh = K.maximum(enclose_maxes - enclose_mins, 0.0)
    # 计算对角线距离
    enclose_diagonal = K.sum(K.square(enclose_wh), axis=-1)
    # calculate ciou, add epsilon in denominator to avoid dividing by 0
    ciou = iou - 1.0 * (center_distance) / (enclose_diagonal + K.epsilon())

    # calculate param v and alpha to extend to CIoU
    v = 4*K.square(tf.math.atan2(b1_wh[..., 0], b1_wh[..., 1]) - tf.math.atan2(b2_wh[..., 0], b2_wh[..., 1])) / (math.pi * math.pi)
    alpha = v / (1.0 - iou + v)
    ciou = ciou - alpha * v

    ciou = K.expand_dims(ciou, -1)
    return ciou

引用大佬博客：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/106014717

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