linux下打不开移动硬盘的操作

显示磁盘信息，找到新接入准备挂载的移动硬盘的标号

sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 89.1 MiB, 93429760 bytes, 182480 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/loop1: 89.1 MiB, 93417472 bytes, 182456 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/loop2: 137.7 MiB, 144363520 bytes, 281960 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/loop3: 137.7 MiB, 144351232 bytes, 281936 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/sda: 447.1 GiB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 14AC3FE6-B258-4A06-9EDD-47805083CC39

设备          Start    末尾    扇区   Size 类型
/dev/sda1      2048    585727    583680   285M EFI System
/dev/sda2    585728  20117503  19531776   9.3G Linux swap
/dev/sda3  20117504 937701375 917583872 437.6G Linux filesystem

Disk /dev/sdb: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/sdd: 1.8 TiB, 2000365289472 bytes, 3906963456 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 5A2FC855-B916-4567-AA58-5B8AF80E21B5

设备       Start     末尾     扇区  Size 类型
/dev/sdd1   2048 3906961407 3906959360  1.8T Microsoft basic data

Disk /dev/sde: 1.8 TiB, 2000398933504 bytes, 3907029167 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 33553920 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 21D321E2-15BA-489C-B28F-D40EE2D1DA99

设备        Start     末尾     扇区  Size 类型
/dev/sde1      40     409639     409600  200M EFI System
/dev/sde2  411648 3907028991 3906617344  1.8T Microsoft basic data

sudo ntfsfix /dev/sde2
Mounting volume... NTFS signature is missing.
FAILED
Attempting to correct errors... NTFS signature is missing.
FAILED
Failed to startup volume: Invalid argument
NTFS signature is missing.
Trying the alternate boot sector
Unrecoverable error
Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk.

sudo mkdir /mnt/usb

sudo mount /dev/sde2 /mnt/usb
mount: unknown filesystem type 'exfat'
sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
正在读取状态信息... 完成       
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了：
  caribou cuda-command-line-tools-8-0 cuda-core-8-0 cuda-cublas-8-0 cuda-cublas-dev-8-0 cuda-cudart-8-0 cuda-cudart-dev-8-0 cuda-cufft-8-0 cuda-cufft-dev-8-0 cuda-curand-8-0
  cuda-curand-dev-8-0 cuda-cusolver-8-0 cuda-cusolver-dev-8-0 cuda-cusparse-8-0 cuda-cusparse-dev-8-0 cuda-documentation-8-0 cuda-driver-dev-8-0 cuda-license-8-0
  cuda-misc-headers-8-0 cuda-npp-8-0 cuda-npp-dev-8-0 cuda-nvgraph-8-0 cuda-nvgraph-dev-8-0 cuda-nvml-dev-8-0 cuda-nvrtc-8-0 cuda-nvrtc-dev-8-0 cuda-samples-8-0 cuda-toolkit-8-0
  cuda-visual-tools-8-0 fcitx-libs folks-common gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-caribou-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0 gir1.2-cogl-1.0 gir1.2-coglpango-1.0 gir1.2-gck-1 gir1.2-gcr-3
  gir1.2-gdesktopenums-3.0 gir1.2-gdm-1.0 gir1.2-git2-glib-1.0 gir1.2-gkbd-3.0 gir1.2-gmenu-3.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gnomedesktop-3.0 gir1.2-gucharmap-2.90
  gir1.2-gweather-3.0 gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-nmgtk-1.0 gir1.2-panelapplet-5.0 gir1.2-polkit-1.0 gir1.2-telepathyglib-0.12 gir1.2-telepathylogger-0.2
  gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-xkl-1.0 gir1.2-zeitgeist-2.0 gjs gnome-backgrounds gnome-contacts gnome-flashback gnome-flashback-common gnome-panel-data gnome-shell-common
  gnome-themes-standard-data libappindicator1 libbonobo2-0 libbonobo2-common libbonoboui2-common libcaribou-common libcaribou0 libchamplain-0.12-0 libclass-data-inheritable-perl
  libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcommon-sense-perl libcpufreq0 libcrypt-openssl-bignum-perl libcrypt-openssl-rsa-perl libcublas7.5 libcudart7.5 libcufft7.5 libcufftw7.5
  libcurand7.5 libcusolver7.5 libcusparse7.5 libdata-random-perl libextutils-depends-perl libextutils-pkgconfig-perl libfile-which-perl libfolks-eds25 libfolks-telepathy25
  libfolks25 libgd-perl libgdm1 libgit2-24 libgit2-glib-1.0-0 libgjs0e libgnome2-canvas-perl libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnome2-wnck-perl libgnomecanvas2-0 libgnomecanvas2-common
  libgnomeui-common libgoo-canvas-perl libgoocanvas-common libgoocanvas3 libgtk2-appindicator-perl libgtk2-imageview-perl libgtk2-unique-perl libgtkimageview0 libhttp-parser2.1
  libhttp-server-simple-perl libindicator7 libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libmission-control-plugins0 libmouse-perl libmozjs-24-0v5 libnet-dropbox-api-perl libnet-oauth-perl
  libnppc7.5 libnppi7.5 libnpps7.5 libnvblas7.5 libnvrtc7.5 libnvtoolsext1 libnvvm3 libopencc1 liborbit-2-0 libpath-class-perl libproc-processtable-perl libproc-simple-perl
  libqt5clucene5 libqt5designer5 libqt5help5 libsnapd-glib1 libsort-naturally-perl libssh2-1 libtelepathy-logger3 libthrust-dev libtypes-serialiser-perl libunique-1.0-0
  libvdpau-dev libwnck-common libwnck22 libwww-mechanize-perl opencl-headers perlmagick python-dbus python-gi python-pyatspi python-pycurl snapd-login-service
  telepathy-mission-control-5
使用'sudo apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。
将会同时安装下列软件：
  exfat-utils
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
  exfat-fuse exfat-utils
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 2 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 438 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 64.9 kB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 281 kB 的额外空间。
您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n] y
获取:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 exfat-fuse amd64 1.2.3-1 [24.8 kB]
获取:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 exfat-utils amd64 1.2.3-1 [40.1 kB]
已下载 64.9 kB，耗时 1秒 (46.0 kB/s)   
正在选中未选择的软件包 exfat-fuse。
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 351466 个文件和目录。)
正准备解包 .../exfat-fuse_1.2.3-1_amd64.deb  ...
正在解包 exfat-fuse (1.2.3-1) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 exfat-utils。
正准备解包 .../exfat-utils_1.2.3-1_amd64.deb  ...
正在解包 exfat-utils (1.2.3-1) ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.7.5-1) 的触发器 ...
正在设置 exfat-fuse (1.2.3-1) ...
正在设置 exfat-utils (1.2.3-1) ...

出现警告，卸载后重新试一次即可
sudo mount /dev/sde2 /mnt/usb
FUSE exfat 1.2.3
WARN: volume was not unmounted cleanly.
sudo umount -v /dev/sde2
umount: /mnt/usb (/dev/sde2) unmounted
sudo mount /dev/sde2 /mnt/usb
FUSE exfat 1.2.3
至此完成

 

 

安全弹出移动硬盘

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37227125/article/details/94882056

 

 ll /dev/sd*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  0 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  1 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  2 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  3 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sda3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sdb
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 32 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sdc
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 48 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sdd
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 49 4月  23 17:04 /dev/sdd1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 64 4月  29 11:08 /dev/sde
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 65 4月  29 11:08 /dev/sde1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 66 5月   7 12:08 /dev/sde2

 

udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sde2  //卸载挂载点。相当与(unmount -v /dev/sde2)
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-unmount-others ===
需要授权来卸载由其他用户挂载的 Seagate BUP Slim (/dev/sde2)
Multiple identities can be used for authentication:
 1.  wu,,, (wu)
 2.  han,,, (han)
 3.  shen,,, (shen)
 4.  zhang,,, (zhang)
Choose identity to authenticate as (1-4): 3
Password: 
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===
Unmounted /dev/sde2.

udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sde2  //安全关闭驱动器
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.udisks2.power-off-drive ===
给 Seagate BUP Slim (/dev/sde) 断电需要认证
Multiple identities can be used for authentication:
 1.  wu,,, (wu)
 2.  han,,, (han)
 3.  shen,,, (shen)
 4.  zhang,,, (zhang)
Choose identity to authenticate as (1-4): 3
Password: 
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===

 ll /dev/sd*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  0 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  1 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  2 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  3 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sda3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sdb
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 32 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sdc
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 48 4月  16 17:16 /dev/sdd
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 49 4月  23 17:04 /dev/sdd1
至此成功，已经没有看到sde了。