01-经济学基本常识-Never exactly equal

In the study of economics, all the interactions between supply, demand, and price are usually expressed by mathematical formulas. These formulas are often illustrated by points on a graph. Imagine a graph with price on one side and quantity （supply） on the other.

在经济学的研究中，所有关于供给，需求，价格的互相作用时常可以用数学公式表达出来。这些公式经常以图形的方式出现。想象一下，一张图表的一边是价格，另外一边是商品的供给数量。

The points where the price and quantity intersect represent the demand. The same is true of a graph that shows supply. These graphs show how supply, demand, and price interact.

需求的变化表现为价格和商品的数量之间的互相影响。 同样的图表也能揭露供给的变化。这些图标展示了供给，需求和价格，三者之间如何互相影响。

A DELICATE BALANCE

微妙的平衡

In a perfect economic world, supply and demand would always be balanced, or be equal, a condition called equilibrium. The amount of goods available would exactly equal the demand for those goods. Sellers would be selling, buyers would be buying, and everyone would be happy.

在一个完美的经济世界，供给与需求总是平衡的，或者相等，这种情况叫做均衡。 可够被购买的商品数量精确的等于对这个商品的需求量。 销售人员会卖掉商品，购买者会购买商品，然后大家都很开心。

This can be shown on a supply and demand graph as a perfect intersection, creating a giant X on the graph.

供给与需求恰到好处的相互作用，呈现下面这张供需表中，可以看到两条线构造出一个巨大的X。

Supply and demand can be represented in a graph.
供给和需求能够被一张图表所呈现出来。

However, economic equilibrium in supply and demand really only exists in theory. It doesn’t happen in the real world, because supply and demand, affected by ma