作者介绍
张伟伟,男,西安工程大学电子信息学院,2019级硕士研究生,张宏伟人工智能课题组。
微信公众号:可随时查阅,搜索—张二牛的笔记,内容会分类上传。
研究方向:机器视觉与人工智能。
电子邮件:zhangweiweicpp@163.com
- 课题组CSDN官方账号,欢迎一键三连: https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37758063/article/details/113527955?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501.
GAN的阅读笔记
1.2015-DCGAN-《Radford A, Metz L, Chintala S. Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks[J]. Computer Science, 2015.》
DCGAN的代码官方实现解读:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42951560/article/details/110308336
1.1 提出:将CNN结合到无监督中。
设置了一组卷积的参数,以至于可以稳定训练
训练的判别器可以用于分类任务
DCGAN的指南:
将判别器和生成器的池化层换为步进卷积
生成器和判别器都是用BN层
移除全连接层
生成器中使用ReLu,生成器最后一层使用tanh
判别器使用LeakyReLU
DCGAN的网络结构
- 生成器:
训练细节
batch_size = 128,所有的权重设置为权重为0,方差为0.02,LeakyReLU中,0区域的斜率色设置为0.2,使用Adam设置去更新参数,学习率设置为0.0002。动量设置为0.5
1.2 Pytorch实现
首先权重初始化:
在DCGAN论文中,作者指出所有模型权重应当从均值为0,标准差为0.02的正态分布中随机初始化。weights_init函数以初始化的模型为输入,重新初始化所有卷积层、反卷积层和批标准化层,以满足这一标准。该函数在初始化后立即应用于模型。
# custom weights initialization called on netG and netD
def weights_init(m):
classname = m.__class__.__name__
if classname.find('Conv') != -1:
nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 0.0, 0.02)
elif classname.find('BatchNorm') != -1:
nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 1.0, 0.02)
nn.init.constant_(m.bias.data, 0)
1.3 生成器
# Generator Code
#nz = 100
#batch_size = 128
#ngf = 64
#ndf = 64
class Generator(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, ngpu):
super(Generator, self).__init__()
self.ngpu = ngpu
self.main = nn.Sequential(
# input is Z, going into a convolution
nn.ConvTranspose2d( nz, ngf * 8, 4, 1, 0, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(ngf * 8),
nn.ReLU(True),
# state size. (ngf*8) x 4 x 4
nn.ConvTranspose2d(ngf * 8, ngf * 4, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(ngf * 4),
nn.ReLU(True),
# state size. (ngf*4) x 8 x 8
nn.ConvTranspose2d( ngf * 4, ngf * 2, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(ngf * 2),
nn.ReLU(True),
# state size. (ngf*2) x 16 x 16
nn.ConvTranspose2d( ngf * 2, ngf, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(ngf),
nn.ReLU(True),
# state size. (ngf) x 32 x 32
nn.ConvTranspose2d( ngf, nc, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
nn.Tanh()
# state size. (nc) x 64 x 64
)
def forward(self, input):
return self.main(input)
实例化生成器并放入GPU中
# Create the generator
netG = Generator(ngpu).to(device)
# Handle multi-gpu if desired
if (device.type == 'cuda') and (ngpu > 1):
netG = nn.DataParallel(netG, list(range(ngpu)))
# Apply the weights_init function to randomly initialize all weights
# to mean=0, stdev=0.2.
netG.apply(weights_init)
# Print the model
print(netG)
生成器打印的结果:
Generator(
(main): Sequential(
(0): ConvTranspose2d(100, 512, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(2): ReLU(inplace=True)
(3): ConvTranspose2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(4): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(5): ReLU(inplace=True)
(6): ConvTranspose2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(7): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(8): ReLU(inplace=True)
(9): ConvTranspose2d(128, 64, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(10): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(11): ReLU(inplace=True)
(12): ConvTranspose2d(64, 3, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(13): Tanh()
)
)
1.4 判别器
这里,D DD以3x64x64的图像作为输入,通过一系列的Conv2d,BatchNorm2d和LeakyReLU层的处理,然后通过Sigmoid激活函数输出最终概率。对于这个问题,如果需要的话,这个体系结构可以扩展更多的层,但是使用strided convolution,BatchNorm和LeakyReLUs具有重要意义。DCGAN论文提到,使用strided convolution而不是通过池化来进行下采样是个好方法,因为它可以让网络学习自己的池化函数。 batch norm和leaky relu函数还可以促进健康的梯度流动,这对于G GG和D DD的学习过程都至关重要。
判别器实现
#ndf = 64
#nc = 3
class Discriminator(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, ngpu):
super(Discriminator, self).__init__()
self.ngpu = ngpu
self.main = nn.Sequential(
# input is (nc) x 64 x 64
nn.Conv2d(nc, ndf, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
# state size. (ndf) x 32 x 32
nn.Conv2d(ndf, ndf * 2, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * 2),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
# state size. (ndf*2) x 16 x 16
nn.Conv2d(ndf * 2, ndf * 4, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * 4),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
# state size. (ndf*4) x 8 x 8
nn.Conv2d(ndf * 4, ndf * 8, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * 8),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
# state size. (ndf*8) x 4 x 4
nn.Conv2d(ndf * 8, 1, 4, 1, 0, bias=False),
nn.Sigmoid()
)
def forward(self, input):
return self.main(input)
实例化判别器并权重初始化
# Create the Discriminator
netD = Discriminator(ngpu).to(device)
# Handle multi-gpu if desired
if (device.type == 'cuda') and (ngpu > 1):
netD = nn.DataParallel(netD, list(range(ngpu)))
# Apply the weights_init function to randomly initialize all weights
# to mean=0, stdev=0.2.
netD.apply(weights_init)
# Print the model
print(netD)
打印结果
Discriminator(
(main): Sequential(
(0): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.2, inplace=True)
(2): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(3): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(4): LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.2, inplace=True)
(5): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(6): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(7): LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.2, inplace=True)
(8): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(9): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(10): LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.2, inplace=True)
(11): Conv2d(512, 1, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(12): Sigmoid()
)
)
1.5 . 损失函数和优化器
# Initialize BCELoss function
criterion = nn.BCELoss()
# Create batch of latent vectors that we will use to visualize
# the progression of the generator
fixed_noise = torch.randn(64, nz, 1, 1, device=device)
# Establish convention for real and fake labels during training
real_label = 1.
fake_label = 0.
# Setup Adam optimizers for both G and D
optimizerD = optim.Adam(netD.parameters(), lr=lr, betas=(beta1, 0.999))
optimizerG = optim.Adam(netG.parameters(), lr=lr, betas=(beta1, 0.999))
1.6 训练
训练的代码实例:
# Training Loop
# Lists to keep track of progress
img_list = []
G_losses = []
D_losses = []
iters = 0
print("Starting Training Loop...")
# For each epoch
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
# For each batch in the dataloader
for i, data in enumerate(dataloader, 0):
############################
# (1) Update D network: maximize log(D(x)) + log(1 - D(G(z)))
###########################
## Train with all-real batch
netD.zero_grad()
# Format batch
real_cpu = data[0].to(device)
b_size = real_cpu.size(0)
label = torch.full((b_size,), real_label, dtype=torch.float, device=device)
# Forward pass real batch through D
output = netD(real_cpu).view(-1)
# Calculate loss on all-real batch
errD_real = criterion(output, label)
# Calculate gradients for D in backward pass
errD_real.backward()
D_x = output.mean().item()
## Train with all-fake batch
# Generate batch of latent vectors
noise = torch.randn(b_size, nz, 1, 1, device=device)
# Generate fake image batch with G
fake = netG(noise)
label.fill_(fake_label)
# Classify all fake batch with D
output = netD(fake.detach()).view(-1)
# Calculate D's loss on the all-fake batch
errD_fake = criterion(output, label)
# Calculate the gradients for this batch
errD_fake.backward()
D_G_z1 = output.mean().item()
# Add the gradients from the all-real and all-fake batches
errD = errD_real + errD_fake
# Update D
optimizerD.step()
############################
# (2) Update G network: maximize log(D(G(z)))
###########################
netG.zero_grad()
label.fill_(real_label) # fake labels are real for generator cost
# Since we just updated D, perform another forward pass of all-fake batch through D
output = netD(fake).view(-1)
# Calculate G's loss based on this output
errG = criterion(output, label)
# Calculate gradients for G
errG.backward()
D_G_z2 = output.mean().item()
# Update G
optimizerG.step()
# Output training stats
if i % 50 == 0:
print('[%d/%d][%d/%d]\tLoss_D: %.4f\tLoss_G: %.4f\tD(x): %.4f\tD(G(z)): %.4f / %.4f'
% (epoch, num_epochs, i, len(dataloader),
errD.item(), errG.item(), D_x, D_G_z1, D_G_z2))
# Save Losses for plotting later
G_losses.append(errG.item())
D_losses.append(errD.item())
# Check how the generator is doing by saving G's output on fixed_noise
if (iters % 500 == 0) or ((epoch == num_epochs-1) and (i == len(dataloader)-1)):
with torch.no_grad():
fake = netG(fixed_noise).detach().cpu()
img_list.append(vutils.make_grid(fake, padding=2, normalize=True))
iters += 1
1.6 结果
1.6.1. 损失随迭代次数的变化趋势图
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
plt.title("Generator and Discriminator Loss During Training")
plt.plot(G_losses, label="G")
plt.plot(D_losses, label="D")
plt.xlabel("iterations")
plt.ylabel("Loss")
plt.legend()
plt.show()
1.6.2 真图 vs 假图
最后,让我们并排对比查看一些真实图像和虚假图像。
# Grab a batch of real images from the dataloader
real_batch = next(iter(dataloader))
# Plot the real images
plt.figure(figsize=(15,15))
plt.subplot(1,2,1)
plt.axis("off")
plt.title("Real Images")
plt.imshow(np.transpose(vutils.make_grid(real_batch[0].to(device)[:64], padding=5, normalize=True).cpu(),(1,2,0)))
# Plot the fake images from the last epoch
plt.subplot(1,2,2)
plt.axis("off")
plt.title("Fake Images")
plt.imshow(np.transpose(img_list[-1],(1,2,0)))
plt.show()
真图假图的结果
官方: https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/dcgan_faces_tutorial.html
- GAN 的一些缺点:
训练不稳定,生成过程不可控,不具备可解释性等