215.Kth Largest Element in an Array

有两种思路，一种是快速选择法，一种是优先队列（最小堆）。

快选： 

public class Solution {
  
  public int findKthLargest(int[] a, int k) {
    int n = a.length;
    int p = quickSelect(a, 0, n - 1, n - k + 1);
    return a[p];
  }
  
  // return the index of the kth smallest number
  int quickSelect(int[] a, int lo, int hi, int k) {
    // use quick sort's idea
    // put nums that are <= pivot to the left
    // put nums that are  > pivot to the right
    int i = lo, j = hi, pivot = a[hi];
    while (i < j) {
      if (a[i++] > pivot) swap(a, --i, --j);
    }
    swap(a, i, hi);
    
    // count the nums that are <= pivot from lo
    int m = i - lo + 1;
    
    // pivot is the one!
    if (m == k)     return i;
    // pivot is too big, so it must be on the left
    else if (m > k) return quickSelect(a, lo, i - 1, k);
    // pivot is too small, so it must be on the right
    else            return quickSelect(a, i + 1, hi, k - m);
  }
  
  void swap(int[] a, int i, int j) {
    int tmp = a[i];
    a[i] = a[j];
    a[j] = tmp;
  }

}

class Solution {
    public int findKthLargest(int[] nums, int k) {
        int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
        k = nums.length - k;
        while (left < right) {
            int rank = partition(left, right, nums);
            if (rank < k) {
                left = rank + 1;
            } else {
                right = rank;
            }
        }
        return nums[left];
    }
    
    private int partition(int left, int right, int[] nums) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2, pivot = nums[mid], i = left;
        swap(mid, right, nums);
        for (int j = left; j < right; j++) {
            if (pivot > nums[j]) {
                swap(i, j, nums);
                i++;
            }
        }
        swap(i, right, nums);
        return i;
    }
    
    private void swap(int i, int j, int[] nums) {
        int temp = nums[i];
        nums[i] = nums[j];
        nums[j] = temp;
    }
}

 优先队列：

class Solution {
    public int findKthLargest(int[] nums, int k) {
        PriorityQueue<Integer> minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(k);
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
            if (i < k) {
                minHeap.offer(nums[i]);
            } else if (nums[i] > minHeap.peek()) {
                minHeap.poll();
                minHeap.offer(nums[i]);
            }
        }
        return minHeap.peek();
    }
}

class Solution {
    public int findKthLargest(int[] nums, int k) {
    PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<Integer>();
    for(int i=0;i<nums.length;i++) {
        pq.offer(nums[i]);    
    if (pq.size() > k) 
        pq.poll();
    }
    return pq.peek();
    }
}