Python入门学习笔记（ 魔法方法 迭代器）

>>> for i in "FishC":
	print(i)

	
F
i
s
h
C
>>> links = {'你好'：'https://www.123.com',\
	 
SyntaxError: invalid character in identifier
>>> links = {'你好':'https://www.123.com',\
	 '我好':'https://www.456.com',\
	 '大家好':'https://www.789.com'}
>>> for each in links:
	print("%s -> %s" % (each,links[each]))

	
你好 -> https://www.123.com
我好 -> https://www.456.com
大家好 -> https://www.789.com

迭代器：

iter()

next()

>>> string = 'FishC'
>>> it = iter(string)
>>> next(it)
'F'
>>> next(it)
'i'
>>> next(it)
's'
>>> next(it)
'h'
>>> next(it)
'C'
>>> next(it)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#17>", line 1, in <module>
    next(it)
StopIteration


#类似的for迭代:
>>> for i in "FishC":
	print(i)

	
F
i
s
h
C

#while循环也可以实现
>>> string = 'FishC'
>>> it = iter(string)
>>> while True:
	try:
		each = next(it)
	except StopIteration:
		break
	print(each)

	
F
i
s
h
C

迭代器 魔法方法

iter()

-__iter__()  #返回迭代器本身，相当于return self

next()

-__next__()  #决定了迭代规则

例子： 下面的例子说明了二者的特性。

class Fibs:
	def __init__(self):
		self.a = 0
		self.b = 1
	def __iter__(self):
		return self
	def __next__(self):
		self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b
		return self.a

>>> for each in fibs:
	print(each)

	
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55
89
144
......没有设置参数范围，斐波那契数列无限循环下去

修改：限定数列最大值在10以内

class Fibs:
	def __init__(self,n=10):
		self.a = 0
		self.b = 1
		self.n = n
	def __iter__(self):
		return self
	def __next__(self):
		self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b
		if self.a > self.n:
			raise StopIteration
		return self.a

>>> fibs = Fibs()
>>> for each in fibs:
	print(each)

	
1
1
2
3
5
8

>>> fibs = Fibs(100)  #限定数值在100以内
>>> for each in fibs:
	print(each)

	
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55
89