Python学习笔记（十）

对应第十五章折线图部分

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

squares= [1,4,9,16,25]
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(squares)

ax.set_title("平方数",fontsize=24)
ax.set_xlabel("值",fontsize=14)
ax.set_ylabel("平方",fontsize=14)

ax.tick_params(axis='both',labelsize=14)
plt.show()

如果代码中没有 import matplotlib 会有字体警告：RuntimeWarning: Glyph missing from current font. font.set_text(s, 0.0, flags=flags)

并且图片中原本的汉字将会变成方框

事实上，这是python的经典字体警告，需要在set_title之前将字体设置为楷体

matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['KaiTi']

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-ZjjNtx9e-1611572699537)(https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/fe354e6f-004b-4c0a-97c5-eaa3f8d73bab/squares.png)]

内置样式（如seaborn）中并不包含汉字字体，即使使用内置样式仍需先定义字体

D:\Program Files\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py:211: RuntimeWarning: Glyph 24179 missing from current font.
  font.set_text(s, 0.0, flags=flags)

在使用scatter时，参数c=’'的使用会引起warning

ax.scatter(x_value,y_value,c=(0,0.2,0),s=10)

‘c’ argument looks like a single numeric RGB or RGBA sequence, which should be avoided as value-mapping will have precedence in case its length matches with ‘x’ & ‘y’. Please use a 2-D array with a single row if you really want to specify the same RGB or RGBA value for all points.

初步判断为matplotlib的版本问题，高版本已经不会报warning

可将语句修改为：

ax.scatter(x_value,y_value,color=(0,0.2,0),s=10)

或者让日志只显示error级别的错误

from matplotlib.axes._axes import _log as matplotlib_axes_logger
matplotlib_axes_logger.setLevel('ERROR')

进一步：这个错误在使用颜色映射的时候不会出现

如果在颜色映射中使用color而非c则会报错

ax.scatter(x_value,y_value,color=y_value,cmap=plt.cm.Greens,s=10)

>>>ValueError: 'color' kwarg must be an mpl color spec or sequence of color specs.
For a sequence of values to be color-mapped, use the 'c' argument instead.