Error mounting /dev/sda3 at /media/user/Windows

本文仅作记录，若想操作请看完全文再进行

电脑是ubuntu和windows双系统，忘了是由于断电还是怎么回事，开机后进入不了windows系统，直接黑屏卡死。还好能进入ubuntu系统，打开文件系统你会看到windows所在的盘会有挂载错误。

Error mounting /dev/sda3 at /media/user/Windows：Command-line `mount -t "ntfs" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000" "/dev/sda3" "/media/user/Windows"' exited with non-zero exit status 14: The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 0)  Failed to mount '/dev/sda3': Operation not permitted
The NTFS partition is in an unsafe state. Please resume and shutdown
Windows fully (no hibernation or fast restarting), or mount the volume
read-only with the 'ro' mount option.

网上也能查到有类似问题的文档，可能原因：上一次使用win10后使电脑睡眠，没有完全关机，这次开机直接进入ubuntu系统，访问win10磁盘报错

解决方法：

1. 在终端输入如下命令，查看分区挂载情况

xx@pc:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 167.7 GiB, 180045766656 bytes, 351651888 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: CA7450AE-132F-45C5-88A4-D4D7D8613D70

Device         Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1       2048    534527    532480   260M EFI System
/dev/sda2     534528    567295     32768    16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda3     567296 349603839 349036544 166.4G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda4  349603840 351651839   2048000  1000M Windows recovery environment


Disk /dev/sdb: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: A7813DC8-50EE-43A0-A490-DA71ED80D16D

Device          Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sdb1        2048    1050623    1048576   512M EFI System
/dev/sdb2     1050624 1951522815 1950472192 930.1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb3  1951522816 1953523711    2000896   977M Linux swap

上半部分/dev/sda 是windows系统，下半部分/dev/sdb分区是linux系统 

先是尝试修复windows所在的分区sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda3

xx@pc:~$ sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda3
Mounting volume... The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 0).
Metadata kept in Windows cache, refused to mount.
FAILED
Attempting to correct errors... 
Processing $MFT and $MFTMirr...
Reading $MFT... OK
Reading $MFTMirr... OK
Comparing $MFTMirr to $MFT... OK
Processing of $MFT and $MFTMirr completed successfully.
Setting required flags on partition... OK
Going to empty the journal ($LogFile)... OK
Failed to sync device /dev/sda3: Input/output error
The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 0).
Metadata kept in Windows cache, refused to mount.
Remount failed: Operation not permitted

发现即便是ubuntu下root账户也没有权限修复。。。。

但网上有很多人到此得以解决（若解决可以跳过下面的操作）

2. 紧接着进行只读挂载

sudo mount -o ro /dev/sda3 /media/cbdyzj/操作系统

再尝试重启进入系统

失败...

又尝试修改bios...

____________________________________________________________________________

在我的一顿操作之后，两个系统全进不去了，重装系统也总是错误，bios和grub应该是有些问题

解决方案：

在另一台电脑制作了ubuntu的启动盘

1.通过BIOS进入Ubuntu 20.04 后，输入两行命令

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair
2.完成后，会出现下面的Boot Repair，然后选择 Recommended repair 然后
按照Boot Repair 的提示完成即可。
Boot_Repair

3. 重装系统，因为我这个电脑没什么重要的东西，选择清除以前的硬盘使用覆盖安装

4.重启，即可进入ubuntu20.04