【Java多线程】基础知识+线程创建的三种方法及例子

基础知识

一：run()和start()区别

1、调用start()：
主线程和子线程同时开始进行，交替进行。（并发）

2、调用run()：
要执行了子线程，执行完毕后才会执行主线程。

二：extends Thread 和 implements Runnable 区别

三、静态代理模式

静态代理模式总结：
1、真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
2、代理对象代理真实角色

好处：
1、代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
2、真实对象专注做自己的事情

//静态代理模式总结：
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
//代理对象代理真实角色

/*
好处：
1、代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
2、真实对象专注做自己的事情
* */
public class StacticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        You you = new You();

		//new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
        WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(you);
        weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
    }
}

interface Marry {
    void HappyMarry();
}

//真实角色，你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("结婚了");
    }
}

//代理角色，帮助你结婚。
class WeddingCompany implements Marry {
    //代理谁-->真实目标角色
    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        //真实对象
        this.target.HappyMarry();

        after();
    }

    private void after() {
        System.out.println("结婚之后，收尾款");
    }

    private void before() {
        System.out.println("结婚之前，布置现场");
    }
}

四、Lambda表达式

lambda表达式的推导

/*
推导lambda表达式
* */
public class TestLambda1  {

    //3.静态内部类
    static class Like2 implements ILike{
        @Override
        public void lambda() {
            System.out.println("i like lambda2");
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILike like = new Like();
        like.lambda();

        like = new Like2();
        like.lambda();

        //4.局部内部类
        class Like3 implements ILike{
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("i like lambda3");
            }
        }

        like = new Like3();
        like.lambda();

        //5.匿名内部类，没有类的名称，必须借助接口或者父类
        like = new ILike() {
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("i like lambda4");
            }
        };
        like.lambda();

        //6.用lambda简化
        like = ()->{
            System.out.println("i like lambda5");
        };
        like.lambda();
    }
}

//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
    void lambda();
}

//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{
    @Override
    public void lambda() {
        System.out.println("i like lambda");
    }
}

lambda表达式总结

public class TestLambda2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //1.lambda表示简化
        Ilove love = (int a) -> {
            System.out.println("i love you -->" + a);
        };

        //简化1.去掉参数类型
        love = (a)-> {
            System.out.println("i love you -->" + a);
        };

        //2.简化2.简化括号
        love = a-> {
            System.out.println("i love you -->" + a);
        };

        //3.简化3：去掉花括号
        love = a-> System.out.println("i love you -->" + a);

        //总结：
            //lambda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化成为一行，多行需要代码块
            //前提接口为函数式接口（只有一个方法）
        //多个参数也可以去掉参数类型，要去掉就都去掉，必须加括号()



        love.love(520);
    }
}

interface Ilove{
    void love(int a);
}

五、线程五大状态

线程强行停止的方法

使用标志位

//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止--->利用次数，不建议死循环，
//2.建议使用标志位--->设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法


public class TestStop implements Runnable{
    //1.设置一个标志位
    private boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag) {
            System.out.println("run...Thread" + i++);
        }
    }

    //2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程，转换标志位
    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();

        new Thread(testStop).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main" + i);
            if (i == 900) {
                //调用stop切换标志位，让线程停止
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程该停止了");
            }

        }
    }
}

六、线程休眠

实现延时可以发现问题

多个线程操作同一对象，会出现并发问题。
模拟网络延迟：放大问题的发生性。

import com.kuang.demo01.TestThread4;

//模拟网络延迟：放大问题的发生性
public class TestSleep implements Runnable{
    //票数
    private int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            if (ticketNums <= 0) break;

            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->拿到了第" + ticketNums-- + "票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestSleep ticket = new TestSleep();

        new Thread(ticket, "小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "黄牛").start();
    }
}

模拟倒计时

//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        tenDown();
    }

    //模拟倒计时
    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int num = 10;

        while(true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if (num <= 0) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

每秒打印时间

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter;

//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //打印当前系统时间
        Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); //获取系统当前时间

        while (true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
            startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); //更新当前时间
        }
    }
}

七、线程礼让

//测试礼让教程
//礼让不一定成功，看cpu心情
public class TestYield {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();

        new Thread(myYield, "a").start();
        new Thread(myYield, "b").start();
    }
}

class MyYield implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程开始执行");
        /Thread.yield(); //礼让
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程停止执行");
    }
}

八、线程强制执行

少使用，会让线程阻塞。

import java.util.function.DoubleToIntFunction;

//测试join方法：想象为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程vip来了" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //启动我们的线程
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if (i == 200) {
                //插队
                thread.join();
            }
            System.out.println("main" + i);
        }
    }
}

九、观测线程状态

import java.sql.SQLOutput;

//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("//");
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state); //New

        //观察启动后
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state); //Run

        while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED) { //只要线程不终止
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            state = thread.getState(); //更新线程状态
            System.out.println(state); //输出状态
        }
    }
}

十、线程的优先级

//测试线程优先级
public class TestPriority {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //先设置优先级，再启动
        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();

        t5.setPriority(8);
        t5.start();

        t6.setPriority(7);
        t6.start();

    }
}

class MyPriority implements  Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

十一、守护线程 daemon

//测试守护线程
public class TestDaemon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        You you = new You();

        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true); //默认是false:表示为用于线程，正常线程都是用户线程
        thread.start();

        new Thread(you).start(); //你：用户线程
    }
}

//上帝
class God implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("上帝保佑着你！");
        }
    }
}

//你
class You implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");

        }
        System.out.println("-======goodbye!world!=====-");
    }
}

十二、线程同步机制

形成条件：队列 + 锁
方法里需要修改内容才需要锁
并发：同一个对象被多个线程同时操作

三大不安全案例

1、线程不安全：有负数

不安全解决方法：用synchronized关键词锁方法
//修改后：private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException

//不安全的买票
//线程不安全，有负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(station, "苦逼的我").start();
        new Thread(station, "牛逼的你们").start();
        new Thread(station, "可恶的黄牛党").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket implements  Runnable{

    //票
    boolean flag = true; //外部停止方式
    private int ticketNums = 10;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while(flag) {
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

	//修改后：private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException 
    private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        //判断是否有票
        if (ticketNums <= 0) {
            flag = false;
            return;
        }

        //模拟延时
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNums--);
    }
}

出现负数

//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱，账户
public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account = new Account(100, "结婚基金");

        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50,"你");
        Drawing gf = new Drawing(account, 100,"gf");

        you.start();
        gf.start();
    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money; //余额
    String name; //卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//银行：模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account; //账户

    int drawingMoney; //取了多少钱
    int nowMoney; //现在手里有多少钱

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    //取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //判断有没有钱
        if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够，取不了");
            return;
        }

        //sleep可以放大问题发生性
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        account.money -= drawingMoney;
        nowMoney += drawingMoney;

        System.out.println(account.name + "余额为：" + account.money);
        System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱" + nowMoney);
    }
}

不安全解决方法：用synchronized块，可以锁任何对象
因为synchronized默认锁 this（类本身UnsaferBank）

//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱，账户
public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account = new Account(100, "结婚基金");

        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50,"你");
        Drawing gf = new Drawing(account, 100,"gf");

        you.start();
        gf.start();
    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money; //余额
    String name; //卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//银行：模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account; //账户

    int drawingMoney; //取了多少钱
    int nowMoney; //现在手里有多少钱

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    //synchronized默认锁this
    //取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {
		
		//锁的对象就是变化的量
        synchronized (account) {
            //判断有没有钱
            if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够，取不了");
                return;
            }

            //sleep可以放大问题发生性
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            account.money -= drawingMoney;
            nowMoney += drawingMoney;

            System.out.println(account.name + "余额为：" + account.money);
            System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱" + nowMoney);
        }
    }
}

线程不安全的集合

不同线程对list同一个空间进行更改，会导致覆盖。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//集合线程不安全
public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }

        Thread.sleep(1000);
        System.out.println(list.size()); //结果为：9999
    }
}

用synchronized锁块

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//集合线程不安全
public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list) {
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }

        Thread.sleep(1000);
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

十三、死锁

死锁例子及解决方法

//死锁：多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源，然后互相僵持
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0, "灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");

        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}

//口红
class Lipstick{

}

//镜子
class Mirror{

}

//化妆
class Makeup extends Thread{
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice; //选择
    String girlName; //使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //化妆，互相持有对方的锁，拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipstick) { //获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);

                //解决方法：放到上一个锁外面
                synchronized (mirror) { //一秒后想获得镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) { //获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);

                //解决方法：放到上一个锁外面
                synchronized (lipstick) { //一秒后想获得镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

十四、lock锁

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

//测试lock锁
public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();

        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}

class  TestLock2 implements Runnable {
    int ticketNums = 10;

    //定义lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                lock.lock(); //加锁
                if (ticketNums > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            } finally {
                //解锁
                lock.unlock();
            }

        }
    }
}

十五、线程协作：生产者消费者问题

管程法：设立缓冲区

//测试：生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决：管程法

//生产者、消费者、产品、缓冲区
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();

        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Productor(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            try {
                container.push(new Chicken(i));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("生产了" + i + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            try {
                System.out.println("消费了-->" + container.pop().id + "只鸡");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken{
    int id; //产品编号

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer {
    //需要一个容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;

    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken) throws InterruptedException {
        //容器满了，等待消费者消费
        if (count == chickens.length) {
            //通知消费者消费，生产者等待
            this.wait();
        }

        //没有满，丢入产品
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;

        //可以通知消费者消费了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop() throws InterruptedException {
        //判断能否消费
        if (count == 0) {
            //等待生产者生产，消费者等待
            this.wait();
        }

        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

        //吃完了，通知生产者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }
}

信号灯法：设立标志位

import netscape.security.UserTarget;

//测试生产者消费者问题2：信号灯法，标志位解决
public class TestPc2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();

        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者-->演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if (i % 2 == 0) {
                try {
                    this.tv.play("喵喵喵播放中");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else{
                try {
                    this.tv.play("汪汪汪播放中");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者-->观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            try {
                tv.watch();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}


//产品-->节目
class TV{
    //演员表演，观众等待 true
    //观众观看，演员等待 false
    String voice; //表演的节目
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice) throws InterruptedException {
        if (!flag) {
            this.wait();
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了：" + voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

    //观看
    public synchronized void watch() throws InterruptedException {
        if (flag) {
            this.wait();
        }
        System.out.println("观看了：" + voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
}

十六、线程池

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

//测试线程池
public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建服务，创建线程
        //newFixedThreadPool 参数为线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        //2.关闭链接
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

线程实现

⭐继承Thread类

extends Thread。
重写run()方法。

不推荐使用

TestThread1

//创建线程方式一：继承Thread类，重写run()方法。调用start()开启线程

//总结：线程开启不一定立即执行，由cpu调度执行
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码---" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //main线程，主线程

        //创建一个线程对象
        TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();

        //调用start()方法开启线程
        testThread1.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程---" + i);
        }
    }
}

TestThread2

网图下载小例子

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

//练习Thread，实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 extends Thread {
    private String url; //网络图片地址
    private String name; //保存的文件名

    public TestThread2(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        try {
            webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为“：" + name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/A/A/3/1_qq_42467009", "1.jpg");
        TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210114022819.png", "2.jpg");
        TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210114022831.png", "3.jpg");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader {
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url, String name) throws IOException {
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }
}

⭐实现Runnable接口

implements Runnable。
重写run()方法。

推荐使用这种。

把 runnable接口 的参数扔进 new Thread 里

TestThread3

//创建线程方式2：实现runnable接口，重写run方法，执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类，调用start方法。
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码---" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建runnable接口的实现类对象
        TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();

        //创建线程对象，通过线程对象来开启我们的线程，代理
/*        Thread thread = new Thread(testThread3);
        thread.start();*/

        new Thread(testThread3).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程---" + i);
        }
    }
}

TestThread2

package com.kuang.demo01;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

//练习Thread，实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 implements Runnable {
    private String url; //网络图片地址
    private String name; //保存的文件名

    public TestThread2(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        try {
            webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为“：" + name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/A/A/3/1_qq_42467009", "1.jpg");
        TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210114022819.png", "2.jpg");
        TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210114022831.png", "3.jpg");

        new Thread(t1).start();
        new Thread(t2).start();
        new Thread(t3).start();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader {
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url, String name) throws IOException {
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }
}

初识并发问题

实现多个线程操作同一对象，出现并发问题。

//多个线程同时操作同一个对象
//买火车票例子

//发现问题：多个线程操作同一个资源情况下，线程不安全，数据紊乱。
public class TestThread4 implements Runnable{
    //票数
    private int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            if (ticketNums <= 0) break;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->拿到了第" + ticketNums-- + "票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread4 ticket = new TestThread4();

        new Thread(ticket, "小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "黄牛").start();
    }
}

龟兔赛跑

//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable {

    //胜利者
    private  static  String winner;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {

            //模拟兔子休息
            if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔") && i % 10 == 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            //比赛结束，停止程序。
            if (flag) break;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->跑了" + i + "步");
        }
    }

    //判断是否完成比赛
    private boolean gameOver(int steps) {
        //判断是否有胜利者
        if (winner != null) {
            return true;
        } else {
            if (steps >= 100) {
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is " + winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();

        new Thread(race, "龟").start();
        new Thread(race, "兔").start();
    }
}

⭐实现Callable接口

了解即可。
implements Callable<…>
重写call()方法。

Callable好处：
1、可以定义返回值。
2、可以抛出异常。

//线程创建方式三：实现callable接口
/*
Callable好处：
1、可以定义返回值。
2、可以抛出异常。
* */
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
    private String url; //网络图片地址
    private String name; //保存的文件名

    public TestCallable(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public Boolean call() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        try {
            webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为“：" + name);
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/A/A/3/1_qq_42467009", "1.jpg");
        TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210114022819.png", "2.jpg");
        TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210114022831.png", "3.jpg");

        //创建执行服务：
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //提交执行
        Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
        Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
        Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);

        //获取结果
        //System.out.println(rs1)的结果都是 true
        boolean rs1 = r1.get();
        boolean rs2 = r2.get();
        boolean rs3 = r3.get();



        //关闭服务：
        ser.shutdownNow();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader {
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url, String name) throws IOException {
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }
}