生活中你的家有客厅(Public),有你的卧室(Private)。客厅所有来的客人都可以进去,但是你的卧室是私有的,也就是说只有你能进去。但是呢,你也可以允许你的好闺蜜好基友进去。在程序里,有些私有属性 也想让类外特殊的一些函数或者类进行访问,就需要用到友元的技术。
友元的目的就是让一个函数或者类 访问另一个类中私有成员
友元的关键字为 friend
友元的三种实现:
- 全局函数做友元
- 类做友元
- 成员函数做友元
1、全局函数做友元
直接举例子:
class Building
{
//告诉编译器 goodGay全局函数 是 Building类的好朋友,可以访问类中的私有内容
friend void goodGay(Building * building);
public:
Building()
{
this->m_SittingRoom = "客厅";
this->m_BedRoom = "卧室";
}
public:
string m_SittingRoom; //客厅
private:
string m_BedRoom; //卧室
};
void goodGay(Building * building)
{
cout << "好基友正在访问: " << building->m_SittingRoom << endl;
cout << "好基友正在访问: " << building->m_BedRoom << endl;
}
void test01()
{
Building b;
goodGay(&b);
}
int main(){
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2 、类做友元
class Building;
class goodGay
{
public:
goodGay();
void visit();
private:
Building *building;
};
class Building
{
//告诉编译器 goodGay类是Building类的好朋友,可以访问到Building类中私有内容
friend class goodGay;
public:
Building();
public:
string m_SittingRoom; //客厅
private:
string m_BedRoom;//卧室
};
Building::Building()
{
this->m_SittingRoom = "客厅";
this->m_BedRoom = "卧室";
}
goodGay::goodGay()
{
building = new Building;
}
void goodGay::visit()
{
cout << "好基友正在访问" << building->m_SittingRoom << endl;
cout << "好基友正在访问" << building->m_BedRoom << endl;
}
void test01()
{
goodGay gg;
gg.visit();
}
int main(){
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3、成员函数做友元
class Building;
class goodGay
{
public:
goodGay();
void visit(); //只让visit函数作为Building的好朋友,可以发访问Building中私有内容
void visit2();
private:
Building *building;
};
class Building
{
//告诉编译器 goodGay类中的visit成员函数 是Building好朋友,可以访问私有内容
friend void goodGay::visit();
public:
Building();
public:
string m_SittingRoom; //客厅
private:
string m_BedRoom;//卧室
};
Building::Building()
{
this->m_SittingRoom = "客厅";
this->m_BedRoom = "卧室";
}
goodGay::goodGay()
{
building = new Building;
}
void goodGay::visit()
{
cout << "好基友正在访问" << building->m_SittingRoom << endl;
cout << "好基友正在访问" << building->m_BedRoom << endl;
}
void goodGay::visit2()
{
cout << "好基友正在访问" << building->m_SittingRoom << endl;
//cout << "好基友正在访问" << building->m_BedRoom << endl;
}
void test01()
{
goodGay gg;
gg.visit();
}
int main(){
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}