matplotlib学习之：三种产生 heatmap 热图的可视化方式

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.cm as c

第一种：直接构造

• 直接用数组构造二维的高斯分布

grid_x = np.arange(40)
grid_y = np.arange(40)
[X,Y] = np.meshgrid(grid_x,grid_y)

point = [33,26]

单维的高斯分布

'''point 是生成高斯分布的中心点
   X 代表图上所有点的 x 坐标
   Y 代表图上所有点的 y 坐标
   根据 numpy 的广播特性，可以直接通过下列式子
   得到每个 x-u 和每个 y-u 的值
'''
X_ = X - point[0]
Y_ = Y - point[1]

d = X_ ** 2 + Y_ ** 2

sigma = 7
sigma_square = 2 * sigma * sigma

E = d / sigma_square

graph =  np.exp(-E)

plt.imshow(graph,cmap=c.jet)

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, graph, cmap=c.jet, linewidth=0.1,rstride=1, cstride=1)
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=.7, aspect=20)
ax.contourf(X,Y,graph,zdir='z',offset=-5)
ax.contourf(X,Y,graph,zdir='x',offset=-2)
ax.contourf(X,Y,graph,zdir='y',offset= 40)
plt.show()

第二种：scipy + opencv

from scipy.ndimage import gaussian_filter
import cv2

heatmap = np.zeros((40,40))
plt.imshow(heatmap)

point = [33,26]
cv2.circle(heatmap, (point[0], point[1]), 1 , 1, cv2.FILLED)

array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
       ...,
       [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]])

plt.imshow(heatmap)

heatmap = gaussian_filter(heatmap, 7)
plt.imshow(heatmap,c.jet)

maxi = np.amax(heatmap)
heatmap = heatmap / maxi
plt.imshow(heatmap,c.jet)

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, heatmap, cmap=c.jet, linewidth=0.1,rstride=1, cstride=1)
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=.7, aspect=20)
ax.contourf(X,Y,heatmap,zdir='z',offset=-5)
ax.contourf(X,Y,heatmap,zdir='x',offset=-2)
ax.contourf(X,Y,heatmap,zdir='y',offset= 40)
plt.show()

第三种：产生向量热图

another_point = [10,17]
vector_heatmap = np.zeros((40,40))
cv2.line(vector_heatmap, (point[0],point[1]),(another_point[0],another_point[1]),1,1)
vector_heatmap = gaussian_filter(vector_heatmap, 3)
maxi = np.amax(vector_heatmap)
vector_heatmap = vector_heatmap / maxi
plt.imshow(vector_heatmap,c.jet)

vector_heatmap[20,20]

0.9567312060112102

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, vector_heatmap, cmap=c.jet, linewidth=0.1,rstride=1, cstride=1)
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=.7, aspect=20)
ax.contourf(X,Y,vector_heatmap,zdir='z',offset=-2)
ax.contourf(X,Y,vector_heatmap,zdir='x',offset=-2)
ax.contourf(X,Y,vector_heatmap,zdir='y',offset= 40)
ax.set_zlim(-2,1)

# 设置图像z轴的显示范围，x、y轴设置方式相同
plt.show()