写英文论文的一些总结

引入文献

who learn,who train,who propose/proposed by，who illustrate,who shows
who presents,who applies
investigated调查；研究 recogonized认识；意识 proposed提议；计划；提出（方法） presented提出；呈现；提供 describe 描述 analyze分析 discuss（es）讨论 provide提供
describes a methodology描述了一种方法

结果表明

The results showed/indicated

表示时间

1.Over the years,这些年来，
2.Over the past few years/In the last few years,在过去的几年里
3.Currently当前；一般地 4.At present目前 5.In recent year/Over the recent years近年来
6. Recently如今 nowadays当今；当下
7.Over the past few decades过去的几十年
8.To date到目前为止 到此为止 迄今 as far back as早在 远在 追溯到

表现状

1.Analysis of students’ behaviors in classes is becoming a trend in educational informatization.学生课堂行为分析正在成为教育信息化的趋势。
2.it has been successfully applied in many applications such as它已经成功的应用在很多领域，例如……
3.These literatures have achieved improved results for student engagement study in on-line learning or classroom learning.这些文献对学生在线学习或课堂学习的敬业度研究取得了较好的效果
4.Due to the rapid growth in computer technology enhanced education, the intelligent
learning system for student engagement study has received widespread attention from many
research communities.随着计算机技术的飞速发展，学生参与学习的智能学习系统受到了许多研究领域的广泛关注。
5. The GRBM has been successfully applied to tasks including image classification, video action recognition, and speech recognition GRBM已成功应用于图像分类、视频动作识别、语音识别等领域
6.At present, the deep learning technology becomes more mature in pedestrian detection, action recognition, and image classification and so on. But up to now, there is no complete and systematic application in classroom learning behavior analysis.目前，深度学习技术在行人检测、动作识别、图像分类等方面变得更加成熟。但到目前为止，课堂学习行为分析还没有完整系统的应用。
7.Generally,通常；普遍的；一般

表示省略，等

1.and more/and so on/, ect等等;诸如此类
Another method is using automated techniques in intelligent tutoring systems settings or using physiological or neurological measures like EEG, ECG etc to understand the state of the student.另一种方法是在智能辅导系统设置中使用自动化技术，或使用生理或神经测量，如脑电图，心电图等来了解学生的状态。

表示举例子

1.Various factors have to be taken into consideration, such as许多因素都需要被考虑到，例如
2.For instance, For example例如

表示被分成几个类别

1.a certain category某一类 2.can be classfied into two types可以被分成两种类型
2.The related work of this paper can be categorized into three types: 本文的相关工作可以被分为三个部分
3.强调某一类别：Facia lexpression recognition aims to classify a given facial image into one of the six commonly used emotion types, which include anger, disgust, fear, smile, sad and surprise proposed by Paul Ekman [40]. Among these six facial expressions, smile is distinct facial configuration.面部表情识别的目的是将一个特定的面部图像分为六种常用的情绪类型，包括保罗埃克曼愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、微笑、悲伤和惊讶。在这六种面部表情中，微笑是一种独特的面部形态。它在实际应用中非常有用。
4.The students’engagement is broadly classified into four categories, namely: emotional engagement,behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, and agentic engagementThe students’ engagement is broadly classified into four categories, namely: emotional engagement, behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, and agentic engagement 学生的参与大致分为四类，即:情感参与、行为参与、认知参与和代理参与
5. comprises of 由……组成
6.A two class classification is performed to categorize student state as engaged or distracted in a thin time slice of 10 seconds.在10秒的时间内，将学生的状态分为参与或分心两类。

表转折

1.Even though traditional BoF approach results in impressing performance,尽管传统的BoF方法会产生令人印象深刻的性能
尽管……但 Even though ,it often
2.Yet it lacks real-time learning surveillance and analysis in class然而，它在课堂上缺乏实时的学习监督和分析
3.Whereas然而；鉴于；但是 however然而；但是

表进一步说明

1.more specifically更具体地说 2.what is more而且；更有甚者
3.Further，进一步说

表并列

1.Furthermore, …shows the stronger robustness and better performance, which means more suitable to analyze learning behaviors in the real classroom environment. 此外
2.In addition/additionally此外；又；加之 3.moreoverer 而且；此外
4.on the one hand,on the other hand一方面另一方面
5.besides that 除此之外；此外
6.meanwhile与此同时

表承上启下

1.Consequently, we choose因此，我们选择
2.Therefore 因此 所以 因而

表总结

1.基于以上讨论
Based on the explanation above, Based on all of the theories above,Based on that theory
Based on all of these theories
2.Inspired by this/prior work,由此可知；受其启发 hence因此 thus因此；如此
3.To summarize,综上所述

表缘由

1.为了解决这些问题，
In order to address these problems,
2.为了解决某类问题
In order to deal with this problem为了解决这个问题
By overcoming this problem,通过克服这个问题，

表算法效果好

1.get good results取得好的效果
2.Obtain high recognition rates
3.which achieve impressive detection results这实现了令人印象深刻的检测结果
4.have received more attention due to their impressive detection results on public datasets.
5.received impressive results

表示地点

1.In a real and natural range classroom在一个真实而自然的教室环境下
2.在教室难以实施This assumption is difficult to implement in a classroom.

表示图片显示

1.Figure3 shows the flowchart of the main line location process, and Figure4 shows an example
2.Figure 4(a) shows one of the input frames, and the edge detection
result is shown in Figure 4(b).
3.Figure 10 illustrates some examples of these six classes, which can be regarded as states and be on structed to form a finite state machine.
4. As can be seen from Table 1,