python应用(2) —— 对图片中的多个目标进行分割

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前言

对图片中的多个目标要进行分割，并且已知各个目标的多个点坐标，各个坐标存储在json文件中。考虑到的问题是目前快速切割图片的方法几乎都是矩形式分割，故要针对矩形四个点来进行，对于多边形目标，首先要找到能包含它们的矩阵。

一、使用步骤

1.首先要从json文件中获取到各个目标的坐标点

代码如下（示例）：

with open(os.path.join(json_path,json_files), "r") as in_file:
    json_dict=json.load(in_file)
    # print(json_dict)  #这里的json_dict就完全是一个字典了
    for shapes in json_dict["shapes"]:
        label=shapes["label"]   # 获得标签
        points=shapes['points'] # 获得坐标点

2.使用cv2.minAreaRect()和cv2.boxPoints()获得最小外接矩阵的四个顶点

代码如下（示例）：

points = np.float32(np.array(points))  #接收类型要转变
'''
cv2.minAreaRect(Points),其中points是点集，数据类型为ndarray，array((x1,y1),(x2,y2),....,(xn,yn))
返回一种叫Box2d的结构，如((81.0,288),(22.0,10.0),-0.0)，分别表示（中心点坐标，（宽度，高度）,旋转的角度）
'''
rect = cv2.minAreaRect(points)  # 得到最小外接矩形的（中心(x,y), (宽,高), 旋转角度）
box = np.int0(cv2.boxPoints(rect))  # 获取最小外接矩形的4个顶点坐标，np.int0表示取整(ps: cv2.boxPoints(rect) for OpenCV 3.x)

可看这个链接说明

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3.根据四个顶点来裁剪图片

代码如下（示例）：

 xs = [j[0] for j in box]  # 获得4个点的横坐标
 ys = [j[1] for j in box]  # 获得4个点的纵坐标
 x1 = min(xs)
 x2 = max(xs)
 y1 = min(ys)
 y2 = max(ys)
 if x1 < 0:
     x1 = 0
 if x2 > image_col:
     x2 = image_col
 if y1 < 0:
     y1 = 0
 if y2 > image_row:
     y2 = image_row
 hight = y2 - y1
 width = x2 - x1
# print(x1, x2, y1, y2)
 cropimage = image[y1:y2, x1:x2]

总结

完整代码如下（示例）：

import json
import cv2
import numpy as np
import os
import math
import tqdm

image_path = 'F:\\xxxxxx'

image_total = []

images_file = os.listdir(image_path)
for image_file in images_file: # 获得每张图片名
    first,last = os.path.splitext(image_file)  # 分开后缀名
    image_total.append(first)


for img in image_total:
    filename_img = img+'.jpg'
    path = os.path.join(image_path,filename_img)
    image = cv2.imread(path)
    shape = image.shape
    image_row = shape[0]
    image_col = shape[1]

    json_files = 'D:\\xxxx.json'
    boxs=[]
    n=1

    with open(json_files, "r") as in_file:
        json_dict=json.load(in_file)
        # print(json_dict)  #这里的json_dict就是完全是一个字典了
        for shapes in json_dict["shapes"]:
            label=shapes["label"]
            # print(type(shapes))
            points=shapes['points']
            points = np.float32(np.array(points))
            # print(type(points))

            rect = cv2.minAreaRect(points)  # 得到最小外接矩形的（中心(x,y), (宽,高), 旋转角度）
            box = np.int0(cv2.boxPoints(rect))  # 获取最小外接矩形的4个顶点坐标(ps: cv2.boxPoints(rect) for OpenCV 3.x)


            xs = [j[0] for j in box]  # 获得4个点的横坐标
            ys = [j[1] for j in box]  # 获得4个点的纵坐标
            x1 = min(xs)
            x2 = max(xs)
            y1 = min(ys)
            y2 = max(ys)
            if x1 < 0:
                x1 = 0
            if x2 > image_col:
                x2 = image_col
            if y1 < 0:
                y1 = 0
            if y2 > image_row:
                y2 = image_row
            hight = y2 - y1
            width = x2 - x1
           # print(x1, x2, y1, y2)
            cropimage = image[y1:y2, x1:x2]
           # print(cropimage.shape)
            crop_name =  img + "_" + str(n) + '.jpg'
            path = 'F:xxxx'
            cv2.imwrite(os.path.join(path,crop_name),cropimage)
            n = n+1