"""
在图像处理中,直方图均衡化一般用来均衡图像的强度,或增加图像的对比度。在介绍使用直方图均衡化来拉伸图像的直方图之前,先介绍使用查询表的方法。
观察上图中原始图像的直方图,很容易发现大部分强度值范围都没有用到。因此先检测图像非0的最低(imin)强度值和最高(imax)强度值。
将最低值imin设为0,最高值imax设为255。中间的按255.0*(i-imin)/(imax-imin)+0.5)的形式设置。
result = cv2.LUT(image, lut)
"""
#使用查找表来拉伸直方图
import cv2
import numpy as np
def calcAndDrawHist(image, color):
hist = cv2.calcHist([image], [0], None, [256], [0.0, 255.0])
minVal, maxVal, minLoc, maxLoc = cv2.minMaxLoc(hist)
histImg = np.zeros([256, 256, 3], np.uint8)
hpt = int(0.9 * 256)
for h in range(256):
intensity = int(hist[h] * hpt / maxVal)
cv2.line(histImg, (h, 256), (h, 256 - intensity), color)
return histImg
image = cv2.imread("cat.jpg",0)
# print(type(image))
# exit()
lut = np.zeros(256, dtype=image.dtype) # 创建空的查找表
hist = cv2.calcHist([image], # 计算图像的直方图
[0], # 使用的通道
None, # 没有使用mask
[256], # it is a 1D histogram
[0.0, 255.0])
minBinNo,maxBinNo = 0,255
histimg = calcAndDrawHist(hist,[255, 0, 0])
# 计算从左起第一个不为0的直方图柱的位置
for binNo, binValue in enumerate(hist):
if binValue != 0:
minBinNo = binNo
break
# 计算从右起第一个不为0的直方图柱的位置
for binNo, binValue in enumerate(reversed(hist)):
if binValue != 0:
maxBinNo = 255 - binNo
break
print(minBinNo, maxBinNo)
#生成查找表,方法来自参考文献1第四章第2节
for i, v in enumerate(lut):
# print(i)
if i < minBinNo:
lut[i] = 0
elif i > maxBinNo:
lut[i] = 255
else:
lut[i] = int(255.0 * (i - minBinNo) / (maxBinNo - minBinNo) + 0.5)
# 计算
result = cv2.LUT(image, lut)
histresult = cv2.calcHist([image],[0],None,[256],[0.0, 255.0])
histresult = calcAndDrawHist(result,[255, 0, 0])
cv2.imshow("Result", result)
cv2.imshow("orgion",image)
cv2.imshow("histimg",histimg)
cv2.imshow("histresult",histresult)
# cv2.imwrite("LutImage.jpg", result)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#直方图均衡化 opencv函数实现
img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg',0)
equ = cv2.equalizeHist(img)
histimg = cv2.calcHist([img],[0],None,[256],[0.0, 255.0])
histequ = cv2.calcHist([equ],[0],None,[256],[0.0, 255.0])
hist1 = calcAndDrawHist(histimg,[255, 0, 0])
hist2 = calcAndDrawHist(histequ,[255, 0, 0])
cv2.imshow("histimg",hist1)
cv2.imshow("histequ",hist2)
cv2.imshow('equ',equ)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#直方图均衡化之NumPy函数实现
image = cv2.imread("country.jpg",0)
# print(type(image))
# exit()
lut = np.zeros(256) # 创建空的查找表
hist, bins = np.histogram(image.flatten(),256, [0, 256])
cdf = hist.cumsum() # 计算累积直方图
cdf_m = np.ma.masked_equal(cdf, 0) # 除去直方图中的0值
cdf_m = (cdf_m - cdf_m.min()) * 255 / (cdf_m.max() - cdf_m.min()) # 等同于前面介绍的lut[i] = int(255.0 *p[i])公式
cdf = np.ma.filled(cdf_m, 0).astype('uint8') # 将掩模处理掉的元素补为0
# 计算
result2 = cdf[image]
result = cv2.LUT(image, cdf)
cv2.imshow("OpenCVLUT", result)
cv2.imshow("NumPyLUT", result2)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
opencv图像处理(九)直方图均衡化
最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 21:21:23 发布