Scrapy框架入门实例：Scrapy爬取豆瓣图书Top250

刚学了scrapy框架，找一个东西练练手
点击此处查看网页

先在cmd创建一个项目 ，记得先切换到对应的目录下面

scrapy startproject doubanTop

要把这些信息全部爬取下来故，先在items文件里面把要提取的信息的名字写好

items.py

import scrapy

class DoubantopItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    title = scrapy.Field()
    orginal_title = scrapy.Field()
    author = scrapy.Field()
    publisher = scrapy.Field()
    release_time = scrapy.Field()
    price = scrapy.Field()
    rating = scrapy.Field()
    number_of_comments = scrapy.Field()
    simple_comment = scrapy.Field()
    

douban.py

import scrapy
from doubanTop.items import DoubantopItem # 把items.py里面的名字对应地引进来

class DoubanSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douban'
    allowed_domains = ['douban.com']
    start_urls = ['https://book.douban.com/top250?start=0']

    def parse(self, response):
        item = DoubantopItem()
        find_all = response.xpath('//div[@class="article"]/div[@class="indent"]/table/tr[@class="item"]')
        for section in find_all:
            try:
                title = section.xpath("td[2]/div[@class='pl2']/a/text()").extract_first().strip()
                orginal_title = section.xpath("td[2]/div[@class='pl2']/span/text()").extract_first().strip()
                author = section.xpath("td[2]/p[@class='pl']/text()").extract()[0].strip().split('/')[0]
                publisher = section.xpath("td[2]/p[@class='pl']/text()").extract()[0].strip().split('/')[-3]
                release_time = section.xpath("td[2]/p[@class='pl']/text()").extract()[0].strip().split('/')[-2]
                price = section.xpath("td[2]/p[@class='pl']/text()").extract()[0].strip().split('/')[-1]
                rating = section.xpath("td[2]/div[@class='star clearfix']/span[@class='rating_nums']/text()").extract_first()
                number_of_comments = section.xpath("td[2]/div[@class='star clearfix']/span[@class='pl']/text()").extract_first().strip('\n )(')
                simple_comment = section.xpath("td[2]/p[@class='quote']/span[@class='inq']/text()").extract_first()

                item['title'] = title
                item['orginal_title'] = orginal_title
                item['author'] = author
                item['publisher'] = publisher
                item['release_time'] = release_time
                item['price'] = price
                item['rating'] = rating
                item['number_of_comments'] = number_of_comments
                item['simple_comment'] = simple_comment
                yield item
            except:
                print('error')
                pass
		#注意此处的缩进
        urls = ['https://book.douban.com/top250?start={0}'.format(i) for i in range(25,275,25)]
        for url in urls:
            yield scrapy.Request(url,callback=self.parse) # 递归调用自己的parse方法
            

piplines.py
此处用csv格式进行存储

import csv

class DoubantopPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        path = 'D://douban_book_Top250.csv'
        self.file = open(path,'a+',encoding='utf-8')
        self.writer = csv.writer(self.file)

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.writer.writerow(
            (item['title'],item['orginal_title'],item['author'],
             item['publisher'],item['release_time'],item['price'],
             item['rating'],item['number_of_comments'],item['simple_comment']
             )
        )
        return item

    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.file.close()
        

然后再settings.py里面把对应的东西弄好
settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for doubanTop project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'doubanTop'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['doubanTop.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'doubanTop.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
# USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36'
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'doubanTop.middlewares.DoubantopSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'doubanTop.middlewares.DoubantopDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'doubanTop.pipelines.DoubantopPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

然后再次打开cmd，再此目录下

scrapy crawl douban

结果发现存储的csv结果是乱码的，点击此处查看csv乱码的解决方法

最后结果