string类

接下来是标准库类型
string 字符串 char*
vector 动态数组 静态数组[]
map key/value 内部是以树的形式存储的0（log2N）哈希表0（1）

string介绍

• string类型支持长度可变的字符串，C++标准库将负责管理与存储字符相关的内存，以及提供各种有用的操作
• typedef basic_string string;
• typedef basic_string<wchar_t> wstring;
• 要使用string类型对象，必须包含相关头文件
  • #include
  • using std::string

string s1;//默认构造函数，s1为空串
string s2(s1);//将s2初始化为s1的一个副本
string s3("value");//将s3初始化为一个空字符串字面值副本
string s4(n,'c');//将s4初始化为字符'c'的n个副本

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	string s1;
	string s2("abcdefghijkl");
	cout<<s2<<endl;
	
	basic_string<char> s3("xxx");//等价 string s2("abc");
	cout<<s3<<endl;
	string s4("abcdefg",4);
	cout<<s4<<endl; 
	string s5(s2,2,3);
	cout<<s5<<endl;
	string::iterator first = s2.begin() +1 ;
	string::iterator last = s2.end();
	string s6(first,last);//[first,last)
	cout << s6<<endl;
	
}

• 常用的成员函数
  

string对象的定义和初始化

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
int main()
{
	string s1("abcdefhijkl");
	cout<<s1.size()<<endl;
	cout<<s1.length()<<endl;
	cout<<s1.empty()<<endl;
	cout<<s1.substr(1,2)<<endl;
	cout<<s1.substr(1,string::npos)<<endl;
	cout<<s1.find('j',1)<<endl;
	string::size_type pos = s1.find('A',1);
	if(pos == string::npos)
	{
		cout<<"not found"<<endl;
	}else{
		cout << pos <<endl;
	}
	string::size_type pos1 = s1.rfind('a',-1);
	if(pos1 == string::npos)
	{
		cout<<"not found"<<endl;
	}else{
		cout << pos1 <<endl;
	}
	s1.replace(2,2,"AAAAAAA");
	cout<<s1<<endl;
	string s2 ="xxbjmfd";
	s2.insert(2,"MMMM");
	cout<<s2<<endl;
	s2.append("jkjkd");
	cout<<s2<<endl;
	string s3="111";
	s2.swap(s3);
	cout<<s2<<endl;
	cout<<s3<<endl;
	
	string s8 = "abc";
	s8[1] = 'B';
	cout<<s8<<endl;
	
	const string s10 = "xyz";
	//s10[1]='D';//error不能给常量赋值  error s10[1]返回的是const char& 
	//cout<<s10<<endl;
	string s11 = "111" + s10 + "222";
	cout << s11 << endl;
	cout << s3.c_str() << endl;
	return 0;
}

常用成员函数