阿里云linux实现ftp服务器-解决xftp匿名登录无法显示远程文件夹的问题

一：匿名登录

需要用到的命令
yum install -y vsftpd
systemctl enable vsftpd.service
systemctl start vsftpd.service
netstat -antup | grep ftp
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
chmod o+w /var/ftp/pub/
systemctl restart vsftpd.service

1.安装vsftpd

yum install -y vsftpd

设置FTP服务开机自启动

systemctl enable vsftpd.service

启动FTP服务

systemctl start vsftpd.service

查看FTP服务监听的端口

netstat -antup | grep ftp

开放防火墙端口

2.修改配置文件

主要注意anonymous_enable=YES与anon_upload_enable=YES
，这2个实现匿名登录与上传

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

给出配置文件
因为比较长，放在文末

3.建立文件夹，并设置权限

运行以下命令更改/var/ftp/pub目录的权限，为FTP用户添加写权限

chmod o+w /var/ftp/pub/

4. 重新加载配置文件

systemctl restart vsftpd.service

5.xftp连接

问题：

由于ftp连接模式port模式和pasv模式。设置ftp 链接模式为port (主动模式) ，ftp客户端一般默认使用的pasv (被动模式) 。如果不修改模式，用户链接服务器后，目录一直不能显示。所以要修改为主动模式。

解决：

原理

原理如下:
FTP客户端连接到FTP服务器的21端口，发送用户名和密码登录，登录成功后要list列表或者读取数据时，客户端随机开放一个端口（1024以上），发送 PORT命令到FTP服务器，告诉服务器客户端采用主动模式并开放端口；FTP服务器收到PORT主动模式命令和端口号后，通过服务器的20端口和客户端开放的端口连接，发送数据，需要打开1024-65535端口的访问权限 给需要访问的ip才可以

被动模式，工作原理：FTP客户端连接到FTP服务器的21端口，发送用户名和密码登录，登录成功后要list列表或者读取数据时，发送PASV命令到FTP服务器， 服务器在本地随机开放一个端口（1024以上），然后把开放的端口告诉客户端， 客户端再连接到服务器开放的端口进行数据传输

配置文件

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES