1、模糊查询
//首先建一个表:
create table student(
id char(36) primary key,
name varchar(8) not null,
age int(3) default 0,
mobile char(11),
address varchar(150)
)
insert into student
values ('9b4435ec-372c-456a-b287-e3c5aa23dff4','张三',24,'12345678901','北京海淀');
insert into student
values ('a273ea66-0a42-48d2-a17b-388a2feea244','李%四',10,'98765432130',null);
insert into student
values ('eb0a220a-60ae-47b6-9e6d-a901da9fe355','张李三',11,'18338945560','安徽六安');
insert into student
values ('6ab71673-9502-44ba-8db0-7f625f17a67d','王_五',28,'98765432130','北京朝阳区');
insert into student
values ('0055d61c-eb51-4696-b2da-506e81c3f566','王_五%%',11,'13856901237','吉林省长春市宽平区');
#模糊查询
#%可多次匹配
#_只可匹配一次
select * from student where name like '张%'; #这时是匹配以张开头的name
select * from student where name like '张_' #此时是匹配以张开头的两位name
#escape
#escape的作用就是把一些关键字符变成普通字符
select * from student where name like '%@%%' escape '@'; #此时将@后的字符%变成普通字符,即查询name中含有%的name,这里的@可以替换为其它字符,但escape后面单引号中只能是单个字符;escape后面可以是字母、#、$、,、\等字符;
select * from student where name like '%@_%' escape '@' #此时将@后的字符_变成普通字符
2、order by:对查询结果进行排序,必须置于SQL语句的最后。
#排序
#默认升序排列,asc升序,desc降序
#多表排序时,如果前面元素都相同,在排序后面元素
select * from student order by age; #默认按升序排列
select * from student order by age asc; #升序排列
select * from student order by age desc; #降序排列
select * from student order by age, mobile desc; #age按升序排列,相同的则mobile按降序排列,如下图1
select * from student order by age desc,mobile desc #age按降序排列,相同的则mobile按降序排列,如下图2
3、group by:group by用于将表中数据划分为若干个组,group by后面用于指定分组的依据。
#group by 查询语句中select 聚合函数,分组字段
select name, count(id) from student group by name
#查询哪个姓名重名
select name, count(id) from student group by name having count(id)>1; #此时修改表中数据使出现重名数据
如果select语句中使用group by进行了分组,则select子句中只可以有组函数和分组字段,不能含有其他字段,否则SQL语句报错;
如果group by子句后面跟着order by子句,则order by子句用于排序的字段必须是组函数或分组字段;
如果select语句中含有where、order by,那么group by需放在where之后order by之前,即先获取符合where条件的“有效”数据,再依据group by对数据进行分组,最后再排序; where、group by、order by