learnOpenGL 2.3 光照贴图

漫反射贴图

将材质结构体中的漫反射设置成贴图

struct Material {
    sampler2D diffuse;
    vec3      specular;
    float     shininess;
}; 
...
in vec2 TexCoords;

同时修改漫反射光照的公式，注意这里diffuse是一个vec3，而texture输出的是vec4，所以要在后面加上.rgb。

vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords).rgb;

这是我们使用的贴图,下面是贴图使用的代码，与前一章1.6.2中使用的类似。

unsigned int loadtexture(const char* path)
{
    unsigned int textureid;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureid);
    int width, height, nrcomponent;
    unsigned char* data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrcomponent, 0);
    if (data))
    {
        GLenum format;
        if (nrcomponent == 1)
            format = GL_RED;
        else if (nrcomponent == 3)
            format = GL_RGB;
        else if (nrcomponent == 4)
            format = GL_RGBA;
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureid);
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
        stbi_image_free(data);
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
        stbi_image_free(data);
    }
    return textureid;
}

int main()
{
...
    float vertices[] = {
        // positions          // normals           // texture coords
        ...};
        ...
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
    ...
    unsigned int diffusemap = loadtexture("container2.png");
    lightingshader.use();
    lightingshader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
    
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
    ...
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffusemap);
    ...
    }
}

镜面反射贴图

我们同样可以使用一个专门用于镜面高光的纹理贴图。这也就意味着我们需要生成一个黑白的（如果你想得话也可以是彩色的）纹理，来定义物体每部分的镜面光强度。下面是一个镜面光贴图(Specular Map)的例子

贴图的使用几乎和漫反射相同

struct Material {
    sampler2D diffuse;
    sampler2D specular;
    float     shininess;
};

vec3 specular=spe*light.specular*texture(material.specular,texcoor).rgb;