【OpenCV入门学习--python】图像的矩Image Moments

例子源于OpenCV官网–图像的矩
（https://docs.opencv.org/4.x/d0/d49/tutorial_moments.html）

使用OpenCV函数cv::moments：
计算多边形或栅格化形状的三阶以内的所有力矩。该函数计算矢量形状或栅格形状的三阶力矩。以字典（Dict）形式返回图像的矩。

使用OpenCV函数cv::contourArea：
该函数计算等高线面积。

使用OpenCV函数cv::arcLength：
该函数计算曲线长度或封闭轮廓周长。

代码：

from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import division
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
import argparse
import random as rng
rng.seed(12345)
def thresh_callback(val):
    threshold = val
    #canny检测边缘轮廓
    canny_output = cv.Canny(src_gray, threshold, threshold * 2)
    
    #找轮廓
    contours, _ = cv.findContours(canny_output, cv.RETR_TREE, cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    
    # Get the moments
    mu = [None]*len(contours)
    for i in range(len(contours)):
        mu[i] = cv.moments(contours[i])
    # Get the mass centers得到质心
    mc = [None]*len(contours)
    for i in range(len(contours)):
        # add 1e-5 to avoid division by zero加1e-5以避免被零除
        mc[i] = (mu[i]['m10'] / (mu[i]['m00'] + 1e-5), mu[i]['m01'] / (mu[i]['m00'] + 1e-5))
    # Draw contours画轮廓
    
    drawing = np.zeros((canny_output.shape[0], canny_output.shape[1], 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    
    for i in range(len(contours)):
        color = (rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256))
        cv.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color, 2)
        cv.circle(drawing, (int(mc[i][0]), int(mc[i][1])), 4, color, -1)
    
    
    cv.imshow('Contours', drawing)
    
    # Calculate the area with the moments 00 and compare with the result of the OpenCV function
    #利用矩00计算面积，并与OpenCV函数的结果进行比较
    for i in range(len(contours)):
        print(' * Contour[%d] - Area (M_00) = %.2f - Area OpenCV: %.2f - Length: %.2f' % (i, mu[i]['m00'], cv.contourArea(contours[i]), cv.arcLength(contours[i], True)))
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Code for Image Moments tutorial.')
parser.add_argument('--input', help='Path to input image.', default='monster.jpg')
args = parser.parse_args()
src = cv.imread(cv.samples.findFile(args.input))
if src is None:
    print('Could not open or find the image:', args.input)
    exit(0)
# Convert image to gray and blur it 图像转换为灰度并模糊处理
src_gray = cv.cvtColor(src, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
src_gray = cv.blur(src_gray, (3,3))
source_window = 'Source'
cv.namedWindow(source_window)
cv.imshow(source_window, src)
max_thresh = 255
thresh = 100 # initial threshold初始阈值
cv.createTrackbar('Canny Thresh:', source_window, thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback)
thresh_callback(thresh)
cv.waitKey()

原图：

运行结果：