使用 V4L2 API 来捕捉视频设备图像并保存到文件的示例

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <linux/videodev2.h>

#define VIDEO_DEV "/dev/video0"

int main()
{
    int fd;
    struct v4l2_capability cap;
    struct v4l2_format fmt;
    struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
    struct v4l2_buffer buf;
    void *buffer_start;
    FILE *file;

    // 打开视频设备
    fd = open(VIDEO_DEV, O_RDWR);
    if (fd == -1) {
        perror("Opening video device");
        return 1;
    }

    // 查询设备能力
    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) == -1) {
        perror("Querying Capabilities");
        return 1;
    }

    // 设置视频捕捉格式
    fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    fmt.fmt.pix.width = 1920;
    fmt.fmt.pix.height = 1080;
    fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG;
    fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_NONE;

    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) == -1) {
        perror("Setting Pixel Format");
        return 1;
    }

    // 请求缓冲区
    req.count = 1;
    req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;

    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req) == -1) {
        perror("Requesting Buffer");
        return 1;
    }

    // 查询缓冲区
    buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
    buf.index = 0;

    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) == -1) {
        perror("Querying Buffer");
        return 1;
    }

    // 映射缓冲区
    buffer_start = mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset);

    if (buffer_start == MAP_FAILED) {
        perror("Mapping Buffer");
        return 1;
    }

    // 将缓冲区加入队列
    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) {
        perror("Queue Buffer");
        return 1;
    }

    // 开始捕捉
    int type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type) == -1) {
        perror("Start Capture");
        return 1;
    }

    // 从队列中取缓冲区
    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) == -1) {
        perror("Retrieving Frame");
        return 1;
    }

    // 保存图像到文件
    file = fopen("frame.jpg", "wb");
    if (file == NULL) {
        perror("Cannot open image file");
        return 1;
    }
    fwrite(buffer_start, buf.bytesused, 1, file);
    fclose(file);

    // 结束捕捉
    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type) == -1) {
        perror("Stop Capture");
        return 1;
    }

    // 解除映射
    munmap(buffer_start, buf.length);

    // 关闭设备
    close(fd);

    printf("Image captured and saved to frame.jpg\n");
    return 0;
}

运行代码，运行结束后会保存图像至当前运行目录下。