Every day the citizens of the Internet send each other billions of e-mail messages. If you are online a lot, you yourself may send a dozen or two e-mails each day without even thinking about it. Obviously, e-mail has become an extremely popular communication tool in a very short time! Have you ever wondered how e-mail gets from your desktop to a friend halfway around the world? What is a POP3 server, and how does it hold your mail? The answers may surprise you, because it turns out that e-mail is an incredibly simple system at its core! What is an E-mail Message? An e-mail message has always been nothing more than a simple text message, a piece of text sent to a recipient. When you send an e-mail message to a friend, you are sending a piece of text. In the beginning and even today, e-mail messages tend to be short pieces of text, although the ability to add attachments now makes many e-mail messages quite long. Even with attachments, however, e-mail messages continue to be text messages -- we'll see why when we get to attachments. Understanding E-mail Clients Sophisticated e-mail clients may have all sorts of bells and whistles, but at the core, this is all that an e-mail client does. Understanding a Simple E-mail Server If you have read the How Stuff Works article entitled How Web Servers and the Internet Work, then you know that machines on the Internet can run software applications that act as servers. There are Web servers, FTP servers, telnet servers and e-mail servers running on millions of machines on the Internet right now. These applications run all the time on the server machine and they listen to specific ports waiting for people or programs to attach to the port. The simplest possible e-mail server might look like this: It would have a list of e-mail accounts, with one account for each person who can receive e-mail on the server. My account name might be mbrain, John Smith's might be jsmith, and so on. It would have a text file for each account in the list. So the server would have a text file in its directory named MBRAIN.TXT, another named JSMITH.TXT, and so on. When someone wants to send me a message, the person composes a text message ("Marshall, Can we have lunch Monday? John") in an e-mail client, and indicates that the message should go to mbrain. When the person presses the Send button, the e-mail client would attach to the e-mail server and pass to the server the name of the recipient (mbrain), the name of the sender (jsmith) and the body of the message. The server would format those pieces of information and append them to the bottom of the MBRAIN.TXT file. The entry in the file might look like this: From: jsmithTo: mbrain Marshall, Can we have lunch Monday? John | |||||||||
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