第2章 panda 索引

第2章 索引

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('data/table.csv',index_col='ID')
df.head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+

一、单级索引

1. loc方法、iloc方法、[]操作符

最常用的索引方法可能就是这三类,其中iloc表示位置索引,loc表示标签索引,[]也具有很大的便利性,各有特点
(a)loc方法(注意:所有在loc中使用的切片全部包含右端点!)
① 单行索引:
df.loc[1103]
School          S_1
Class           C_1
Gender            M
Address    street_2
Height          186
Weight           82
Math           87.2
Physics          B+
Name: 1103, dtype: object
② 多行索引:
df.loc[[1102,2304]]
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
2304S_2C_3Fstreet_61648195.5A-
df.loc[1304:].head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1304S_1C_3Mstreet_21957085.2A
1305S_1C_3Fstreet_51876961.7B-
2101S_2C_1Mstreet_71748483.3C
2102S_2C_1Fstreet_61616150.6B+
2103S_2C_1Mstreet_41576152.5B-
df.loc[2402::-1].head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
2402S_2C_4Mstreet_71668248.7B
2401S_2C_4Fstreet_21926245.3A
2305S_2C_3Mstreet_41877348.9B
2304S_2C_3Fstreet_61648195.5A-
2303S_2C_3Fstreet_71909965.9C
③ 单列索引:
df.loc[:,'Height'].head()
ID
1101    173
1102    192
1103    186
1104    167
1105    159
Name: Height, dtype: int64
④ 多列索引:
df.loc[:,['Height','Math']].head()
HeightMath
ID
110117334.0
110219232.5
110318687.2
110416780.4
110515984.8
df.loc[:,'Height':'Math'].head()   #Height到Math
HeightWeightMath
ID
11011736334.0
11021927332.5
11031868287.2
11041678180.4
11051596484.8
⑤ 联合索引:
df.loc[1102:2401:3,'Height':'Math'].head()  
HeightWeightMath
ID
11021927332.5
11051596484.8
12031605358.8
13011616831.5
13041957085.2
⑥ 函数式索引:
df.loc[lambda x:x['Gender']=='M'].head()
#loc中使用的函数,传入参数就是前面的df
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
1201S_1C_2Mstreet_51886897.0A-
1203S_1C_2Mstreet_61605358.8A+
1301S_1C_3Mstreet_41616831.5B+
def f(x):
    return [1101,1103,1201]
df.loc[f]
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
1201S_1C_2Mstreet_51886897.0A-
⑦ 布尔索引(将重点在第2节介绍)
df.loc[df['Physics'].isin(['A+','A'])].head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1203S_1C_2Mstreet_61605358.8A+
1304S_1C_3Mstreet_21957085.2A
2105S_2C_1Mstreet_41708134.2A
2203S_2C_2Mstreet_41559173.8A+
df.loc[(df['Height']>170) & (df['Height']<180)].head()   #身高在170~180
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1202S_1C_2Fstreet_41769463.5B-
1302S_1C_3Fstreet_11755787.7A-
2101S_2C_1Mstreet_71748483.3C
2204S_2C_2Mstreet_11757447.2B-
df.loc[[True if i[-1]=='4' or i[-1]=='7' else False for i in df['Address'].values]].head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
1202S_1C_2Fstreet_41769463.5B-
1301S_1C_3Mstreet_41616831.5B+
1303S_1C_3Mstreet_71888249.7B
2101S_2C_1Mstreet_71748483.3C
小节:本质上说,loc中能传入的只有布尔列表和索引子集构成的列表,只要把握这个原则就很容易理解上面那些操作
(b)iloc方法(注意与loc不同,切片右端点不包含)
① 单行索引:
df.iloc[3]
School          S_1
Class           C_1
Gender            F
Address    street_2
Height          167
Weight           81
Math           80.4
Physics          B-
Name: 1104, dtype: object
② 多行索引:
df.iloc[3:5]
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
③ 单列索引:
df.iloc[:,0].head()
ID
1101    S_1
1102    S_1
1103    S_1
1104    S_1
1105    S_1
Name: School, dtype: object
④ 多列索引:
df.iloc[:,7::-2].head()
PhysicsWeightAddressClass
ID
1101A+63street_1C_1
1102B+73street_2C_1
1103B+82street_2C_1
1104B-81street_2C_1
1105B+64street_4C_1
⑤ 混合索引:
df.iloc[3::4,7::-2].head()
PhysicsWeightAddressClass
ID
1104B-81street_2C_1
1203A+53street_6C_2
1302A-57street_1C_3
2101C84street_7C_1
2105A81street_4C_1
⑥ 函数式索引:
df.iloc[lambda x:[3]]
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
小节:由上所述,iloc中接收的参数只能为整数或整数列表,不能使用布尔索引
(c) []操作符
如果不想陷入困境,请不要在行索引为浮点时使用[]操作符,因为在Series中的浮点[]并不是进行位置比较,而是值比较,非常特殊
(c.1)Series的[]操作
① 单元素索引:
s = pd.Series(df['Math'],index=df.index)
s[1101]
#使用的是索引标签
34.0
② 多行索引:
s[0:4]
#使用的是绝对位置的整数切片,与元素无关,这里容易混淆
ID
1101    34.0
1102    32.5
1103    87.2
1104    80.4
Name: Math, dtype: float64
③ 函数式索引:
s[lambda x: x.index[16::-6]]
#注意使用lambda函数时,直接切片(如:s[lambda x: 16::-6])就报错,此时使用的不是绝对位置切片,而是元素切片,非常易错
ID
2102    50.6
1301    31.5
1105    84.8
Name: Math, dtype: float64
④ 布尔索引:
s[s>80]
ID
1103    87.2
1104    80.4
1105    84.8
1201    97.0
1302    87.7
1304    85.2
2101    83.3
2205    85.4
2304    95.5
Name: Math, dtype: float64
(c.2)DataFrame的[]操作
① 单行索引:
df[1:2]
#这里非常容易写成df['label'],会报错
#同Series使用了绝对位置切片
#如果想要获得某一个元素,可用如下get_loc方法:
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
row = df.index.get_loc(1102)   #row=1
df[row:row+1]
#df.loc[1102]
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
② 多行索引:
#用切片,如果是选取指定的某几行,推荐使用loc,否则很可能报错
df[3:5]
#df.loc[[1104,1105]]
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
③ 单列索引:
df['School'].head()
ID
1101    S_1
1102    S_1
1103    S_1
1104    S_1
1105    S_1
Name: School, dtype: object
④ 多列索引:
df[['School','Math']].head()
SchoolMath
ID
1101S_134.0
1102S_132.5
1103S_187.2
1104S_180.4
1105S_184.8
⑤函数式索引:
df[lambda x:['Math','Physics']].head()
MathPhysics
ID
110134.0A+
110232.5B+
110387.2B+
110480.4B-
110584.8B+
⑥ 布尔索引:
df[df['Gender']=='F'].head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
1202S_1C_2Fstreet_41769463.5B-
1204S_1C_2Fstreet_51626333.8B
小节:一般来说,[]操作符常用于列选择或布尔选择,尽量避免行的选择

2. 布尔索引

(a)布尔符号:’&’,’|’,’~’:分别代表和and,或or,取反not
df[(df['Gender']=='F')&(df['Address']=='street_2')].head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
2401S_2C_4Fstreet_21926245.3A
2404S_2C_4Fstreet_21608467.7B
df[(df['Math']>85)|(df['Address']=='street_7')].head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
1201S_1C_2Mstreet_51886897.0A-
1302S_1C_3Fstreet_11755787.7A-
1303S_1C_3Mstreet_71888249.7B
1304S_1C_3Mstreet_21957085.2A
df[~((df['Math']>75)|(df['Address']=='street_1'))].head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
1202S_1C_2Fstreet_41769463.5B-
1203S_1C_2Mstreet_61605358.8A+
1204S_1C_2Fstreet_51626333.8B
1205S_1C_2Fstreet_61676368.4B-
loc和[]中相应位置都能使用布尔列表选择:
df.loc[df['Math']>60,(df[:8]['Address']=='street_6').values].head()
#(df[:8]['Address']=='street_6').values    #第8行为T,取出第8列
#如果不加values就会索引对齐发生错误,Pandas中的索引对齐是一个重要特征,很多时候非常使用
#但是若不加以留意,就会埋下隐患
#df[:8]
#df['Math']>60
Physics
ID
1103B+
1104B-
1105B+
1201A-
1202B-
(b) isin方法
df[df['Address'].isin(['street_1','street_4'])&df['Physics'].isin(['A','A+'])]
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
2105S_2C_1Mstreet_41708134.2A
2203S_2C_2Mstreet_41559173.8A+
#上面也可以用字典方式写:
df[df[['Address','Physics']].isin({'Address':['street_1','street_4'],'Physics':['A','A+']}).all(1)]
#all与&的思路是类似的,其中的1代表按照跨列方向判断是否全为True
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
2105S_2C_1Mstreet_41708134.2A
2203S_2C_2Mstreet_41559173.8A+

3. 快速标量索引

当只需要取一个元素时,at和iat方法能够提供更快的实现:
display(df.at[1101,'School'])
display(df.loc[1101,'School'])
display(df.iat[0,0])
display(df.iloc[0,0])
#可尝试去掉注释对比时间
#%timeit df.at[1101,'School']
#%timeit df.loc[1101,'School']
#%timeit df.iat[0,0]
#%timeit df.iloc[0,0]
'S_1'



'S_1'

4. 区间索引

此处介绍并不是说只能在单级索引中使用区间索引,只是作为一种特殊类型的索引方式,在此处先行介绍
(a)利用interval_range方法
pd.interval_range(start=0,end=5,closed='both')
#closed参数可选'left':左闭右开 'right':左开右闭(默认) 'both':闭 'neither':开
IntervalIndex([[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [4, 5]],
              closed='both',
              dtype='interval[int64]')
pd.interval_range(start=0,periods=8,freq=5)
#periods参数控制区间个数,freq控制步长
IntervalIndex([(0, 5], (5, 10], (10, 15], (15, 20], (20, 25], (25, 30], (30, 35], (35, 40]],
              closed='right',
              dtype='interval[int64]')
(b)利用cut将数值列转为区间为元素的分类变量,例如统计数学成绩的区间情况:
math_interval = pd.cut(df['Math'],bins=[0,40,60,80,100])
#注意,如果没有类型转换,此时并不是区间类型,而是category类型
math_interval.head()
ID
1101      (0, 40]
1102      (0, 40]
1103    (80, 100]
1104    (80, 100]
1105    (80, 100]
Name: Math, dtype: category
Categories (4, interval[int64]): [(0, 40] < (40, 60] < (60, 80] < (80, 100]]
(c)区间索引的选取
df_i = df.join(math_interval,rsuffix='_interval')[['Math','Math_interval']].reset_index().set_index('Math_interval')
df_i.head()                   #相同列名所加字符串
IDMath
Math_interval
(0, 40]110134.0
(0, 40]110232.5
(80, 100]110387.2
(80, 100]110480.4
(80, 100]110584.8
df_i.loc[65].head()
#包含该值就会被选中
IDMath
Math_interval
(60, 80]120263.5
(60, 80]120568.4
(60, 80]130561.7
(60, 80]210472.2
(60, 80]220268.5
df_i.loc[[65,90]].head()
IDMath
Math_interval
(60, 80]120263.5
(60, 80]120568.4
(60, 80]130561.7
(60, 80]210472.2
(60, 80]220268.5
如果想要选取某个区间,先要把–分类变量–转为–区间变量–,再使用overlap方法:
#df_i.loc[pd.Interval(70,75)].head() 报错
df_i[df_i.index.astype('interval').overlaps(pd.Interval(70, 85))].head()
IDMath
Math_interval
(80, 100]110387.2
(80, 100]110480.4
(80, 100]110584.8
(80, 100]120197.0
(60, 80]120263.5

二、多级索引

1. 创建多级索引

(a)通过from_tuple或from_arrays
① 直接创建元组
tuples = [('A','a'),('A','b'),('B','a'),('B','b')]  #元组构成列表
mul_index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples, names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
mul_index
MultiIndex([('A', 'a'),
            ('A', 'b'),
            ('B', 'a'),
            ('B', 'b')],
           names=['Upper', 'Lower'])
pd.DataFrame({'Score':['perfect','good','fair','bad']},index=mul_index)
Score
UpperLower
Aaperfect
bgood
Bafair
bbad
list = [['A','a'],['A','b'],['B','a'],['B','b']]   
mul_index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(list, names=('Upper', 'Lower')) #内部自动转成元组
pd.DataFrame({'Score':['perfect','good','fair','bad']},index=mul_index)
Score
UpperLower
Aaperfect
bgood
Bafair
bbad
mul_index
#由此看出内部自动转成元组
MultiIndex([('A', 'a'),
            ('A', 'b'),
            ('B', 'a'),
            ('B', 'b')],
           names=['Upper', 'Lower'])
② 利用zip创建元组
L1 = list('AABB')
L2 = list('abab')
tuples = list(zip(L1,L2))
mul_index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples, names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
pd.DataFrame({'Score':['perfect','good','fair','bad']},index=mul_index)
Score
UpperLower
Aaperfect
bgood
Bafair
bbad
③ 通过Array创建
array = np.array([['A','A','B','B'],['a','b','a','b']])     #list_like: [[一级索引],[二级索引]], 每一级长度都必须跟索引长度相同
mul_index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(array, names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
pd.DataFrame({'Score':['perfect','good','fair','bad']},index=mul_index)

Score
UpperLower
Aaperfect
bgood
Bafair
bbad
(b)通过from_product
L1 = ['A','B']     #排列组合生成长度为 len(1)*len(2)*... 的索引
L2 = ['a','b']
mul_index =pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L1,L2],names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
#两两相乘\
pd.DataFrame({'Score':['perfect','good','fair','bad']},index=mul_index)
Score
UpperLower
Aaperfect
bgood
Bafair
bbad
(c)指定df中的列创建(set_index方法)
df_using_mul = df.set_index(['Class','Address'])
df_using_mul.head()
SchoolGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
ClassAddress
C_1street_1S_1M1736334.0A+
street_2S_1F1927332.5B+
street_2S_1M1868287.2B+
street_2S_1F1678180.4B-
street_4S_1F1596484.8B+

2. 多层索引切片

df_using_mul.head()
SchoolGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
ClassAddress
C_1street_1S_1M1736334.0A+
street_2S_1F1927332.5B+
street_2S_1M1868287.2B+
street_2S_1F1678180.4B-
street_4S_1F1596484.8B+
(a)一般切片
#df_using_mul.loc['C_2','street_5']
#当索引不排序时,单个索引会报出性能警告
#df_using_mul.index.is_lexsorted()    false
#该函数检查是否排序
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc['C_2','street_5']
#df_using_mul.sort_index().index.is_lexsorted()    true
#df_using_mul.sort_index()
SchoolGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
ClassAddress
C_2street_5S_1M1886897.0A-
street_5S_1F1626333.8B
street_5S_2M19310039.1B
#df_using_mul.loc[('C_2','street_5'):] 报错
#当不排序时,不能使用多层切片
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc[('C_2','street_6'):('C_4','street_3')]   #左闭右开
#注意此处由于使用了loc,因此仍然包含右端点
SchoolGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
ClassAddress
C_2street_6S_1M1605358.8A+
street_6S_1F1676368.4B-
street_7S_2F1947768.5B+
street_7S_2F1837685.4B
C_3street_1S_1F1755787.7A-
street_2S_1M1957085.2A
street_4S_1M1616831.5B+
street_4S_2F1577872.3B+
street_4S_2M1877348.9B
street_5S_1F1876961.7B-
street_5S_2M1718832.7A
street_6S_2F1648195.5A-
street_7S_1M1888249.7B
street_7S_2F1909965.9C
C_4street_2S_2F1926245.3A
street_2S_2F1608467.7B
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc[('C_2','street_7'):'C_3'].head()
#非元组也是合法的,表示选中该层所有元素
SchoolGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
ClassAddress
C_2street_7S_2F1947768.5B+
street_7S_2F1837685.4B
C_3street_1S_1F1755787.7A-
street_2S_1M1957085.2A
street_4S_1M1616831.5B+
(b)第一类特殊情况:由元组构成列表
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc[[('C_2','street_7'),('C_3','street_2')]]   #闭合
#表示选出某几个元素,精确到最内层索引
SchoolGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
ClassAddress
C_2street_7S_2F1947768.5B+
street_7S_2F1837685.4B
C_3street_2S_1M1957085.2A
(c)第二类特殊情况:由列表构成元组
df_using_mul.sort_index().loc[(['C_2','C_3'],['street_4','street_7']),:]
#选出第一层在‘C_2’和'C_3'中且第二层在'street_4'和'street_7'中的行
SchoolGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
ClassAddress
C_2street_4S_1F1769463.5B-
street_4S_2M1559173.8A+
street_7S_2F1947768.5B+
street_7S_2F1837685.4B
C_3street_4S_1M1616831.5B+
street_4S_2F1577872.3B+
street_4S_2M1877348.9B
street_7S_1M1888249.7B
street_7S_2F1909965.9C

3. 多层索引中的slice对象

L1,L2 = ['A','B','C'],['a','b','c']
mul_index1 = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L1,L2],names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
L3,L4 = ['D','E','F'],['d','e','f']
mul_index2 = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L3,L4],names=('Big', 'Small'))
df_s = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(9,9),index=mul_index1,columns=mul_index2)
df_s
BigDEF
Smalldefdefdef
UpperLower
Aa0.0550730.0463980.4337730.5858030.7585890.0211430.3888520.0869230.249213
b0.5810400.6197000.2692570.4986300.1729870.3736430.4014510.6083960.517261
c0.7347220.6641460.7157070.4226580.7020790.4893200.9873860.0348740.952730
Ba0.9079780.7033470.4755590.0053890.7849270.0722120.7495110.3987800.524044
b0.6900690.5443650.1321010.1495130.1539370.1424330.8735280.6191240.815529
c0.1974300.9763030.1373480.9817660.0283900.4793190.6215600.8186420.379542
Ca0.4917990.6498720.6694580.0100020.9808880.8641600.1435420.6521070.224476
b0.3227520.6683540.4485040.8126890.4011670.0229050.6445840.4751400.546644
c0.7358880.0010760.6449400.5263450.7336070.2652100.6674440.6197160.774425
idx=pd.IndexSlice
索引Slice的使用非常灵活:
df_s.loc[idx['B':,df_s['D']['d']>0.3],idx[df_s.sum()>4]]
#df_s.sum()默认为对列求和,因此返回一个长度为9的数值列表
BigDEF
Smalldeedef
UpperLower
Ba0.9079780.7033470.7849270.7495110.3987800.524044
b0.6900690.5443650.1539370.8735280.6191240.815529
Ca0.4917990.6498720.9808880.1435420.6521070.224476
b0.3227520.6683540.4011670.6445840.4751400.546644
c0.7358880.0010760.7336070.6674440.6197160.774425

4. 索引层的交换

(a)swaplevel方法(两层交换)
df_using_mul.head()
SchoolGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
ClassAddress
C_1street_1S_1M1736334.0A+
street_2S_1F1927332.5B+
street_2S_1M1868287.2B+
street_2S_1F1678180.4B-
street_4S_1F1596484.8B+
df_using_mul.swaplevel(i=1,j=0,axis=0).sort_index().head()   #i,j为级别,axis=0表示行
SchoolGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
AddressClass
street_1C_1S_1M1736334.0A+
C_2S_2M1757447.2B-
C_3S_1F1755787.7A-
street_2C_1S_1F1927332.5B+
C_1S_1M1868287.2B+
(b)reorder_levels方法(多层交换)
df_muls = df.set_index(['School','Class','Address'])
df_muls.head()
GenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
SchoolClassAddress
S_1C_1street_1M1736334.0A+
street_2F1927332.5B+
street_2M1868287.2B+
street_2F1678180.4B-
street_4F1596484.8B+
df_muls.reorder_levels([2,0,1],axis=0).sort_index().head()   #[2,0,1]表示原索引级别重新排序
GenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
AddressSchoolClass
street_1S_1C_1M1736334.0A+
C_3F1755787.7A-
S_2C_2M1757447.2B-
street_2S_1C_1F1927332.5B+
C_1M1868287.2B+
#如果索引有name,可以直接使用name
df_muls.reorder_levels(['Address','School','Class'],axis=0).sort_index().head()
GenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
AddressSchoolClass
street_1S_1C_1M1736334.0A+
C_3F1755787.7A-
S_2C_2M1757447.2B-
street_2S_1C_1F1927332.5B+
C_1M1868287.2B+

三、索引设定

1. index_col参数

index_col是read_csv中的一个参数,而不是某一个方法:
pd.read_csv('data/table.csv',index_col=['Address','School'])  #读文件是便设定索引
ClassIDGenderHeightWeightMathPhysics
AddressSchool
street_1S_1C_11101M1736334.0A+
street_2S_1C_11102F1927332.5B+
S_1C_11103M1868287.2B+
S_1C_11104F1678180.4B-
street_4S_1C_11105F1596484.8B+
street_5S_1C_21201M1886897.0A-
street_4S_1C_21202F1769463.5B-
street_6S_1C_21203M1605358.8A+
street_5S_1C_21204F1626333.8B
street_6S_1C_21205F1676368.4B-
street_4S_1C_31301M1616831.5B+
street_1S_1C_31302F1755787.7A-
street_7S_1C_31303M1888249.7B
street_2S_1C_31304M1957085.2A
street_5S_1C_31305F1876961.7B-
street_7S_2C_12101M1748483.3C
street_6S_2C_12102F1616150.6B+
street_4S_2C_12103M1576152.5B-
street_5S_2C_12104F1599772.2B+
street_4S_2C_12105M1708134.2A
street_5S_2C_22201M19310039.1B
street_7S_2C_22202F1947768.5B+
street_4S_2C_22203M1559173.8A+
street_1S_2C_22204M1757447.2B-
street_7S_2C_22205F1837685.4B
street_4S_2C_32301F1577872.3B+
street_5S_2C_32302M1718832.7A
street_7S_2C_32303F1909965.9C
street_6S_2C_32304F1648195.5A-
street_4S_2C_32305M1877348.9B
street_2S_2C_42401F1926245.3A
street_7S_2C_42402M1668248.7B
street_6S_2C_42403F1586059.7B+
street_2S_2C_42404F1608467.7B
street_6S_2C_42405F1935447.6B

2. reindex和reindex_like

reindex是指重新索引,它的重要特性在于索引对齐,很多时候用于重新排序
df.head(7)
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
1201S_1C_2Mstreet_51886897.0A-
1202S_1C_2Fstreet_41769463.5B-
df.reindex(index=[1101,1203,1206,2402,6778])
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_1173.063.034.0A+
1203S_1C_2Mstreet_6160.053.058.8A+
1206NaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaN
2402S_2C_4Mstreet_7166.082.048.7B
6778NaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaN
df.reindex(columns=['Height','Gender','Average']).head()
HeightGenderAverage
ID
1101173MNaN
1102192FNaN
1103186MNaN
1104167FNaN
1105159FNaN
可以选择缺失值的填充方法:fill_value和method(bfill:向后填充 / ffill:向前填充/ nearest:最近),其中method参数必须索引单调
df.reindex(index=[1101,1203,1206,2402],method='bfill')
#bfill表示用所在索引1206的后一个有效行填充,ffill为前一个有效行,nearest是指最近的
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1203S_1C_2Mstreet_61605358.8A+
1206S_1C_3Mstreet_41616831.5B+
2402S_2C_4Mstreet_71668248.7B
df.reindex(index=[1101,1203,1206,2402],method='nearest')
#数值上1205比1301更接近1206,因此用前者填充
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1203S_1C_2Mstreet_61605358.8A+
1206S_1C_2Fstreet_61676368.4B-
2402S_2C_4Mstreet_71668248.7B
reindex_like的作用为生成一个横纵索引完全与参数列表一致的DataFrame,数据使用被调用的表
df_temp = pd.DataFrame({'Weight':np.zeros(5),
                        'Height':np.zeros(5),
                        'ID':[1101,1104,1103,1106,1102]}).set_index('ID')  #1105对应为NaN
df_temp.reindex_like(df[0:5][['Weight','Height']])  #df[0:5] df前五索引

WeightHeight
ID
11010.00.0
11020.00.0
11030.00.0
11040.00.0
1105NaNNaN
如果df_temp单调还可以使用method参数:
df_temp = pd.DataFrame({'Weight':range(5),
                        'Height':range(5),
                        'ID':[1101,1104,1103,1106,1102]}).set_index('ID').sort_index()
df_temp.reindex_like(df[0:5][['Weight','Height']],method='bfill')  #用后一个有效行填充,即1106,对应33
#df_temp.reindex_like(df[0:5][['Weight','Height']],method='ffill')  #用前一个有效行填充,即1104,对应11
#可以自行检验这里的1105的值是否是由bfill规则填充
WeightHeight
ID
110100
110244
110322
110411
110533

3. set_index和reset_index

先介绍set_index:从字面意思看,就是将某些列作为索引
使用表内列作为索引:
df.head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
df.set_index('Class').head()
SchoolGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
Class
C_1S_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
C_1S_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
C_1S_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
C_1S_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
C_1S_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
利用append参数可以将当前索引维持不变
df.set_index('Class',append=True).head()

SchoolGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
IDClass
1101C_1S_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1102C_1S_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
1103C_1S_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
1104C_1S_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
1105C_1S_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
当使用与表长相同的列作为索引(需要先转化为Series,否则报错):
df.set_index(pd.Series(range(df.shape[0]))).head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
0S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
2S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
3S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
4S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
可以直接添加多级索引:
df.set_index([pd.Series(range(df.shape[0])),pd.Series(np.ones(df.shape[0]))]).head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
01.0S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
11.0S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
21.0S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
31.0S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
41.0S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
下面介绍reset_index方法,它的主要功能是将索引重置
默认状态直接恢复到自然数索引:
df.reset_index().head()   #索引变为自然数列

IDSchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
01101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
11102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
21103S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
31104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
41105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
用level参数指定哪一层被reset,用col_level参数指定set到哪一层:
L1,L2 = ['A','B','C'],['a','b','c']
mul_index1 = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L1,L2],names=('Upper', 'Lower'))
L3,L4 = ['D','E','F'],['d','e','f']
mul_index2 = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([L3,L4],names=('Big', 'Small'))
df_temp = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(9,9),index=mul_index1,columns=mul_index2)
df_temp
BigDEF
Smalldefdefdef
UpperLower
Aa0.7931490.7418570.5641790.7097660.4756540.0787490.0051520.5303410.772194
b0.5553990.3502510.6021720.2387580.4985340.4205490.5408570.5282400.247767
c0.2414400.8401200.4184780.9536880.7085610.1524430.6495090.8618900.372687
Ba0.0104320.6505590.8139840.2124790.7892010.7440640.5391850.7106120.361783
b0.0125620.0324090.4519250.1557300.7226820.1552940.1925740.6693530.615208
c0.8355370.3539320.1360300.6402380.7806670.2819290.8195630.8473540.077893
Ca0.8171350.3107710.1659600.1652890.8395610.5524400.1044400.4579220.376567
b0.4710890.8163200.7947850.1832990.5834410.7518520.0840480.3061890.863428
c0.0947370.4015950.7063800.3452830.4535580.3942120.8859340.5750930.203312
df_temp1 = df_temp.reset_index(level=1,col_level=1)
df_temp1
BigDEF
SmallLowerdefdefdef
Upper
Aa0.7931490.7418570.5641790.7097660.4756540.0787490.0051520.5303410.772194
Ab0.5553990.3502510.6021720.2387580.4985340.4205490.5408570.5282400.247767
Ac0.2414400.8401200.4184780.9536880.7085610.1524430.6495090.8618900.372687
Ba0.0104320.6505590.8139840.2124790.7892010.7440640.5391850.7106120.361783
Bb0.0125620.0324090.4519250.1557300.7226820.1552940.1925740.6693530.615208
Bc0.8355370.3539320.1360300.6402380.7806670.2819290.8195630.8473540.077893
Ca0.8171350.3107710.1659600.1652890.8395610.5524400.1044400.4579220.376567
Cb0.4710890.8163200.7947850.1832990.5834410.7518520.0840480.3061890.863428
Cc0.0947370.4015950.7063800.3452830.4535580.3942120.8859340.5750930.203312
df_temp1.columns
#看到的确插入了level2
MultiIndex([( '', 'Lower'),
            ('D',     'd'),
            ('D',     'e'),
            ('D',     'f'),
            ('E',     'd'),
            ('E',     'e'),
            ('E',     'f'),
            ('F',     'd'),
            ('F',     'e'),
            ('F',     'f')],
           names=['Big', 'Small'])
df_temp1.index
#最内层索引被移出
Index(['A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C', 'C'], dtype='object', name='Upper')

4. rename_axis和rename

rename_axis是针对多级索引的方法,作用是修改某一层的索引名,而不是索引标签
df_temp.rename_axis(index={'Lower':'LowerLower'},columns={'Big':'BigBig'})
BigBigDEF
Smalldefdefdef
UpperLowerLower
Aa0.3228560.3032860.5101770.6771190.5398720.0080800.1553180.6879720.211114
b0.7880990.0997150.0332530.7849970.8223900.6814390.2264720.9647990.622567
c0.2061640.4171460.1699230.7640590.3875320.7413040.1566830.1050080.636024
Ba0.1542040.4893780.0260830.0233130.3928030.5375900.4230630.8929030.083580
b0.5166910.6488890.2105340.6486500.4927580.0139370.6182790.5173790.346631
c0.4714660.3897710.3587770.7550620.8134320.4408880.3511220.0042740.268696
Ca0.0952950.1173810.4729250.7105630.5215240.4867030.5301990.4530990.465785
b0.4781850.4657770.9163010.1359710.8686240.7898090.9595830.6890990.379456
c0.6643740.1973140.3822330.7989350.6429670.9333980.8273430.6673080.309584
rename方法用于修改列或者行索引标签,而不是索引名:
df_temp.rename(index={'A':'T','a':'d'},columns={'e':'changed_e'}).head()
BigDEF
Smalldchanged_efdchanged_efdchanged_ef
UpperLower
Td0.7931490.7418570.5641790.7097660.4756540.0787490.0051520.5303410.772194
b0.5553990.3502510.6021720.2387580.4985340.4205490.5408570.5282400.247767
c0.2414400.8401200.4184780.9536880.7085610.1524430.6495090.8618900.372687
Bd0.0104320.6505590.8139840.2124790.7892010.7440640.5391850.7106120.361783
b0.0125620.0324090.4519250.1557300.7226820.1552940.1925740.6693530.615208

四、常用索引型函数

1. where函数

当对条件为False的单元进行填充:
df.head()
#NameType 1Type 2TotalHPAttackDefenseSp. AtkSp. DefSpeedGenerationLegendary
01BulbasaurGrassPoison3184549496565451False
12IvysaurGrassPoison4056062638080601False
23VenusaurGrassPoison525808283100100801False
33VenusaurMega VenusaurGrassPoison62580100123122120801False
44CharmanderFireNaN3093952436050651False
df.where(df['Gender']=='M').head()
#条件为 false 的行全部被设置为NaN(缺失值)
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_1173.063.034.0A+
1102NaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaN
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_2186.082.087.2B+
1104NaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaN
1105NaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaN
通过这种方法筛选结果和[]操作符的结果完全一致:
df.where(df['Gender']=='M').head()  #dropna()删除缺失值

SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_1173.063.034.0A+
1102NaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaN
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_2186.082.087.2B+
1104NaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaN
1105NaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaN
第一个参数为布尔条件,第二个参数为填充值:
df.where(df['Gender']=='M',np.random.rand(df.shape[0],df.shape[1])).head()   #服从“0~1”均匀分布的随机样本,值范围是[0,1)
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_1173.00000063.00000034.000000A+
11020.6374220.6467860.3614620.3550690.0239050.7739240.9731480.807385
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_2186.00000082.00000087.200000B+
11040.6861350.3856970.9670660.9494220.8684100.2666900.8474990.77188
11050.3539210.7432270.7616440.1194670.4036840.7989810.2948690.891606

2. mask函数

mask函数与where功能上相反,其余完全一致,即对条件为True的单元进行填充
df.mask(df['Gender']=='M').dropna().head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_2192.073.032.5B+
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_2167.081.080.4B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_4159.064.084.8B+
1202S_1C_2Fstreet_4176.094.063.5B-
1204S_1C_2Fstreet_5162.063.033.8B
df.mask(df['Gender']=='M',np.random.rand(df.shape[0],df.shape[1])).head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
11010.9973110.9781190.3884610.06582610.8196980.5992520.4252400.577825
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_2192.00000073.00000032.500000B+
11030.8406250.680470.8307570.03828150.8984610.0054480.8443790.64525
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_2167.00000081.00000080.400000B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_4159.00000064.00000084.800000B+

3. query函数

df.head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
query函数中的布尔表达式中,下面的符号都是合法的:行列索引名、字符串、and/not/or/&/|/~/not in/in/==/!=、四则运算符
df.query('(Address in ["street_6","street_7"])&(Weight>(70+10))&(ID in [1303,2304,2402])')
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1303S_1C_3Mstreet_71888249.7B
2304S_2C_3Fstreet_61648195.5A-
2402S_2C_4Mstreet_71668248.7B

五、重复元素处理

1. duplicated方法

该方法返回了是否重复的布尔列表
df.duplicated('Gender').head()  #与前面相比是否重复
ID
1101    False
1102    False
1103     True
1104     True
1105     True
dtype: bool
可选参数keep默认为first,即首次出现设为不重复,若为last,则最后一次设为不重复,若为False,则所有重复项为False
df.duplicated('Gender',keep='last').tail()   #与后面相比是否重复
ID
2401     True
2402    False
2403     True
2404     True
2405    False
dtype: bool
df.duplicated('Gender',keep=False).head()  #F,M都是重复项
ID
1101    True
1102    True
1103    True
1104    True
1105    True
dtype: bool

2. drop_duplicates方法

从名字上看出为剔除重复项,这在后面章节中的分组操作中可能是有用的,例如需要保留每组的第一个值:
df.drop_duplicates('Class')
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1201S_1C_2Mstreet_51886897.0A-
1301S_1C_3Mstreet_41616831.5B+
2401S_2C_4Fstreet_21926245.3A
参数与duplicate函数类似:
df.drop_duplicates('Class',keep='last')  #后往前比较,保留第一个
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
2105S_2C_1Mstreet_41708134.2A
2205S_2C_2Fstreet_71837685.4B
2305S_2C_3Mstreet_41877348.9B
2405S_2C_4Fstreet_61935447.6B
在传入多列时等价于将多列共同视作一个多级索引,比较重复项:
df.drop_duplicates(['School','Class'])   #删除索引组合重复项,保留第一个
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1201S_1C_2Mstreet_51886897.0A-
1301S_1C_3Mstreet_41616831.5B+
2101S_2C_1Mstreet_71748483.3C
2201S_2C_2Mstreet_519310039.1B
2301S_2C_3Fstreet_41577872.3B+
2401S_2C_4Fstreet_21926245.3A

六、抽样函数

这里的抽样函数指的就是sample函数
(a)n为样本量
df.sample(n=5)

SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1301S_1C_3Mstreet_41616831.5B+
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
2304S_2C_3Fstreet_61648195.5A-
2402S_2C_4Mstreet_71668248.7B
(b)frac为抽样比
df.sample(frac=0.2)
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1204S_1C_2Fstreet_51626333.8B
2302S_2C_3Mstreet_51718832.7A
1205S_1C_2Fstreet_61676368.4B-
1203S_1C_2Mstreet_61605358.8A+
2305S_2C_3Mstreet_41877348.9B
1305S_1C_3Fstreet_51876961.7B-
2102S_2C_1Fstreet_61616150.6B+
(c)replace为是否放回 (放回:相当于总体不变,抽到的还会抽到,类比概率论)
display(df.sample(n=df.shape[0],replace=True).head())
display(df)
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1302S_1C_3Fstreet_11755787.7A-
1202S_1C_2Fstreet_41769463.5B-
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
2202S_2C_2Fstreet_71947768.5B+
2302S_2C_3Mstreet_51718832.7A
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1101S_1C_1Mstreet_11736334.0A+
1102S_1C_1Fstreet_21927332.5B+
1103S_1C_1Mstreet_21868287.2B+
1104S_1C_1Fstreet_21678180.4B-
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
1201S_1C_2Mstreet_51886897.0A-
1202S_1C_2Fstreet_41769463.5B-
1203S_1C_2Mstreet_61605358.8A+
1204S_1C_2Fstreet_51626333.8B
1205S_1C_2Fstreet_61676368.4B-
1301S_1C_3Mstreet_41616831.5B+
1302S_1C_3Fstreet_11755787.7A-
1303S_1C_3Mstreet_71888249.7B
1304S_1C_3Mstreet_21957085.2A
1305S_1C_3Fstreet_51876961.7B-
2101S_2C_1Mstreet_71748483.3C
2102S_2C_1Fstreet_61616150.6B+
2103S_2C_1Mstreet_41576152.5B-
2104S_2C_1Fstreet_51599772.2B+
2105S_2C_1Mstreet_41708134.2A
2201S_2C_2Mstreet_519310039.1B
2202S_2C_2Fstreet_71947768.5B+
2203S_2C_2Mstreet_41559173.8A+
2204S_2C_2Mstreet_11757447.2B-
2205S_2C_2Fstreet_71837685.4B
2301S_2C_3Fstreet_41577872.3B+
2302S_2C_3Mstreet_51718832.7A
2303S_2C_3Fstreet_71909965.9C
2304S_2C_3Fstreet_61648195.5A-
2305S_2C_3Mstreet_41877348.9B
2401S_2C_4Fstreet_21926245.3A
2402S_2C_4Mstreet_71668248.7B
2403S_2C_4Fstreet_61586059.7B+
2404S_2C_4Fstreet_21608467.7B
2405S_2C_4Fstreet_61935447.6B
df.sample(n=35,replace=True).index.is_unique
False
(d)axis为抽样维度,默认为0,即抽行
df.sample(n=4,axis=1).head()   #抽列
GenderClassMathWeight
ID
1101MC_134.063
1102FC_132.573
1103MC_187.282
1104FC_180.481
1105FC_184.864
(e)weights为样本权重,自动归一化
df.sample(n=3,weights=np.random.rand(df.shape[0])).head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
1105S_1C_1Fstreet_41596484.8B+
2104S_2C_1Fstreet_51599772.2B+
1201S_1C_2Mstreet_51886897.0A-
#以某一列为权重,这在抽样理论中很常见
df.sample(n=3,weights=df['Math']).head()
SchoolClassGenderAddressHeightWeightMathPhysics
ID
2402S_2C_4Mstreet_71668248.7B
1202S_1C_2Fstreet_41769463.5B-
2403S_2C_4Fstreet_61586059.7B+

七、问题与练习

1. 问题

【问题一】 如何更改列或行的顺序?
【问题二】 如果要选出DataFrame的某个子集,请给出尽可能多的方法实现。
       query函数
【问题三】 单级索引能使用Slice对象吗?能的话怎么使用,请给出一个例子。
       可以
【问题四】 索引设定中的所有方法分别适用于哪些场合?
【问题五】 如何快速找出某一列的缺失值所在索引?
       df.index[np.where(np.isnan(df))[0]] 行         df.columns[np.where(np.isnan(df))[1]]  列

2. 练习

【练习一】 现有一份关于UFO的数据集,请解决下列问题:
pd.read_csv('data/UFO.csv').head()
datetimeshapeduration (seconds)latitudelongitude
010/10/1949 20:30cylinder2700.029.883056-97.941111
110/10/1949 21:00light7200.029.384210-98.581082
210/10/1955 17:00circle20.053.200000-2.916667
310/10/1956 21:00circle20.028.978333-96.645833
410/10/1960 20:00light900.021.418056-157.803611
(a)在所有被观测时间超过60s的时间中,哪个形状最多?
(b)对经纬度进行划分:-180°至180°以30°为一个划分,-90°至90°以18°为一个划分,请问哪个区域中报告的UFO事件数量最多?
data=pd.read_csv('data/UFO.csv')
data[data['duration (seconds)']>60]['shape'].value_counts().index[0]


#data.rename(columns={'duration (seconds)':'duration'},inplace=True)
#data['duration'].astype('float')
#data.query('duration > 60')['shape'].value_counts().index[0]      #query函数需格外注意列名,数据类型

'light'
#math_interval = pd.cut(df['Math'],bins=[0,40,60,80,100])
la=np.linspace(-90,90,11).tolist()
lo=np.linspace(-180,180,13).tolist()
data['laCut']=pd.cut(data['latitude'],bins=la)
data['loCut']=pd.cut(data['latitude'],bins=lo)
data.head()
datetimeshapeduration (seconds)latitudelongitudelatilaCutloCut
010/10/1949 20:30cylinder2700.029.883056-97.941111(18.0, 36.0](18.0, 36.0](0.0, 30.0]
110/10/1949 21:00light7200.029.384210-98.581082(18.0, 36.0](18.0, 36.0](0.0, 30.0]
210/10/1955 17:00circle20.053.200000-2.916667(36.0, 54.0](36.0, 54.0](30.0, 60.0]
310/10/1956 21:00circle20.028.978333-96.645833(18.0, 36.0](18.0, 36.0](0.0, 30.0]
410/10/1960 20:00light900.021.418056-157.803611(18.0, 36.0](18.0, 36.0](0.0, 30.0]
data.set_index(['laCut','loCut']).index.value_counts().index[0]
(Interval(36.0, 54.0, closed='right'), Interval(30.0, 60.0, closed='right'))
【练习二】 现有一份关于口袋妖怪的数据集,请解决下列问题:
df=pd.read_csv('data/Pokemon.csv')
df.head()
#NameType 1Type 2TotalHPAttackDefenseSp. AtkSp. DefSpeedGenerationLegendary
01BulbasaurGrassPoison3184549496565451False
12IvysaurGrassPoison4056062638080601False
23VenusaurGrassPoison525808283100100801False
33VenusaurMega VenusaurGrassPoison62580100123122120801False
44CharmanderFireNaN3093952436050651False
(a)双属性的Pokemon占总体比例的多少?
(b)在所有种族值(Total)不小于580的Pokemon中,非神兽(Legendary=False)的比例为多少?
(c)在第一属性为格斗系(Fighting)的Pokemon中,物攻排名前三高的是哪些?
(d)请问六项种族指标(HP、物攻、特攻、物防、特防、速度)极差的均值最大的是哪个属性(只考虑第一属性,且均值是对属性而言)?
(e)哪个属性(只考虑第一属性)的神兽比例最高?该属性神兽的种族值也是最高的吗?
(a)
df['Type 2'].count()/df.shape[0]
0.5175
(b)
df[(df['Total']>580)]['Legendary'].value_counts(normalize=True)   #统计并标准化
True     0.511111
False    0.488889
Name: Legendary, dtype: float64
©
df[df['Type 1']=='Fighting'].sort_values(by='Attack',ascending=False).iloc[:3]
#NameType 1Type 2TotalHPAttackDefenseSp. AtkSp. DefSpeedGenerationLegendary
498448LucarioMega LucarioFightingSteel6257014588140701124False
594534ConkeldurrFightingNaN505105140955565455False
7468MachampFightingNaN50590130806585551False
(d)
df['range'] = df.iloc[:,5:11].max(axis=1)-df.iloc[:,5:11].min(axis=1)   #6属性极差
attribute = df[['Type 1','range']].set_index('Type 1')   #type1索引,极差列
max_range = 0
result = ''
for i in attribute.index.unique():
    temp = pd.to_numeric(attribute.loc[i,:].mean(), errors='coerce')
    if temp.values[0] > max_range:
        max_range = temp.values[0]
        result = i                   #找出最大均值的type
print(result,max_range)
Steel 82.18518518518519
(e)
df.query('Legendary in [True]')['Type 1'].value_counts(normalize=True).index[0]
'Psychic'
attribute = df.query('Legendary == True')[['Type 1','Total']].set_index('Type 1')
max_value = 0
result = ''
for i in attribute.index.unique():
    temp = float(attribute.loc[i,:].mean())   #由于最后Fairy系圣兽只有一只,取均值会直接变成float类型,可以将所有temp统一变成float进行比较
    if temp > max_value:
        max_value = temp
        result = i
result
'Normal'
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