目录
transforms主要是对图片进行一些变换.
1. transforms的结构及用法
torchvision中的transforms实际是一个transforms.py文件.
（图片 from B站up主：我是土堆）
1.1 transforms.ToTensor类
输入图片-->输出tensor类型图片:
class ToTensor:
"""Convert a ``PIL Image`` or ``numpy.ndarray`` to tensor. This transform does not support torchscript.
Converts a PIL Image or numpy.ndarray (H x W x C) in the range
[0, 255] to a torch.FloatTensor of shape (C x H x W) in the range [0.0, 1.0]
if the PIL Image belongs to one of the modes (L, LA, P, I, F, RGB, YCbCr, RGBA, CMYK, 1)
or if the numpy.ndarray has dtype = np.uint8
In the other cases, tensors are returned without scaling.
.. note::
Because the input image is scaled to [0.0, 1.0], this transformation should not be used when
transforming target image masks. See the `references`_ for implementing the transforms for image masks.
.. _r我们通过 transforms.ToTensor解决两个问题：
1) how：如何使用
from torchvision import transforms
from PIL import Image
img_path = r"C:\Users\L\Desktop\deeplearning\BelgiumTSC\Training\00000\01153_00000.ppm"
img = Image.open(img_path)
print(img)
tensor_trans = transforms.ToTensor() # 实例化
tensor_img = tensor_trans(img)
print(tensor_img)结果：
2) why：为什么需要转换为tensor数据类型
tensor数据类型包装了神经网络理论基础的参数
1.2 transforms.Normalize 类
对tensor数据类型图片进行归一化.
公式：output[channel] = (input[channel] - mean[channel]) / std[channel]
class Normalize(torch.nn.Module):
"""Normalize a tensor image with mean and standard deviation.
This transform does not support PIL Image.
Given mean: ``(mean[1],...,mean[n])`` and std: ``(std[1],..,std[n])`` for ``n``
channels, this transform will normalize each channel of the input
``torch.*Tensor`` i.e.,
``output[channel] = (input[channel] - mean[channel]) / std[channel]``
.. note::
This transform acts out of place, i.e., it does not mutate the input tensor.
Args:
mean (sequence): Sequence of means for each channel.
std (sequence): Sequence of standard deviations for each channel.
inplace(bool,optional): Bool to make this operation in-place.
"""
实战：
from PIL import Image
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
from torchvision import transforms
image_path = r"C:\Users\L\Desktop\deeplearning\BelgiumTSC\Training\00000\01153_00000.ppm"
writer = SummaryWriter("logs")
img = Image.open(image_path)
print(img)
# ToTensor
trans_tensor = transforms.ToTensor()
img_tensor = trans_tensor(img)
writer.add_image("ToTensor", img_tensor)
# Normalize: output[channel] = (input[channel] - mean[channel]) / std[channel]
print(img_tensor[0][0][0])
trans_norm = transforms.Normalize([0.5, 0.5, 0.5], [0.5, 0.5, 0.5])
img_norm = trans_norm(img_tensor)
print(img_norm[0][0][0])
writer.add_image("Normalize", img_norm)
writer.close()结果：
1.3 transforms.Resize类
图像缩放.
class Resize(torch.nn.Module):
"""Resize the input image to the given size.
If the image is torch Tensor, it is expected
to have [..., H, W] shape, where ... means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions
.. warning::
The output image might be different depending on its type: when downsampling, the interpolation of PIL images
and tensors is slightly different, because PIL applies antialiasing. This may lead to significant differences
in the performance of a network. Therefore, it is preferable to train and serve a model with the same input
types. See also below the ``antialias`` parameter, which can help making the output of PIL images and tensors
closer.
Args:
size (sequence or int): Desired output size. If size is a sequence like
(h, w), output size will be matched to this. If size is an int,
smaller edge of the image will be matched to this number.
i.e, if height > width, then image will be rescaled to
(size * height / width, size).
.. note::
In torchscript mode size as single int is not supported, use a sequence of length 1: ``[size, ]``.
interpolation (InterpolationMode): Desired interpolation enum defined by
:class:`torchvision.transforms.InterpolationMode`. Default is ``InterpolationMode.BILINEAR``.
If input is Tensor, only ``InterpolationMode.NEAREST``, ``InterpolationMode.BILINEAR`` and
``InterpolationMode.BICUBIC`` are supported.
For backward compatibility integer values (e.g. ``PIL.Image[.Resampling].NEAREST``) are still accepted,
but deprecated since 0.13 and will be removed in 0.15. Please use InterpolationMode enum.
max_size (int, optional): The maximum allowed for the longer edge of
the resized image: if the longer edge of the image is greater
than ``max_size`` after being resized according to ``size``, then
the image is resized again so that the longer edge is equal to
``max_size``. As a result, ``size`` might be overruled, i.e the
smaller edge may be shorter than ``size``. This is only supported
if ``size`` is an int (or a sequence of length 1 in torchscript
mode).
antialias (bool, optional): antialias flag. If ``img`` is PIL Image, the flag is ignored and anti-alias
is always used. If ``img`` is Tensor, the flag is False by default and can be set to True for
``InterpolationMode.BILINEAR`` and ``InterpolationMode.BICUBIC`` modes.
This can help making the output for PIL images and tensors closer.
"""实战:
from PIL import Image
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
from torchvision import transforms
image_path = r"C:\Users\L\Desktop\deeplearning\BelgiumTSC\Training\00000\01153_00000.ppm"
img = Image.open(image_path)
# Resize
print("originla image: ", img.size)
trans_resize = transforms.Resize((512, 512))
img_resize = trans_resize(img)
print("resized image: ", img_resize.size)
结果：
1.4 transforms.Compose类
PS：transforms.Compose()中的参数需要是一个列表，即[数据1，数据2,...]，并且列表中的数据必须是transforms类型，即Compose([transforms参数1,transforms参数1，...].
class Compose:
"""Composes several transforms together. This transform does not support torchscript.
Please, see the note below.
Args:
transforms (list of ``Transform`` objects): list of transforms to compose.
Example:
>>> transforms.Compose([
>>> transforms.CenterCrop(10),
>>> transforms.PILToTensor(),
>>> transforms.ConvertImageDtype(torch.float),
>>> ])
.. note::
In order to script the transformations, please use ``torch.nn.Sequential`` as below.
>>> transforms = torch.nn.Sequential(
>>> transforms.CenterCrop(10),
>>> transforms.Normalize((0.485, 0.456, 0.406), (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)),
>>> )
>>> scripted_transforms = torch.jit.script(transforms)
Make sure to use only scriptable transformations, i.e. that work with ``torch.Tensor``, does not require
`lambda` functions or ``PIL.Image``.
"""实战
from PIL import Image
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
from torchvision import transforms
image_path = r"C:\Users\L\Desktop\deeplearning\BelgiumTSC\Training\00000\01153_00000.ppm"
img = Image.open(image_path)
# ToTensor
trans_tensor = transforms.ToTensor()
img_tensor = trans_tensor(img)
# Compose - resize
trans_resize_2 = transforms.Resize(512)
trans_compose = transforms.Compose([trans_resize_2, trans_tensor])
img_compose = trans_compose(img)
print("input image: ", img.size)
print("composed image: ", img_compose.shape)结果：
2. dataset 和 transforms 联合使用
CIFAR10数据集：
import torchvision
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
dataset_transform = torchvision.transforms.Compose([
torchvision.transforms.ToTensor()
])
# 数据集
train_set = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root="./dataset", train=True, transform=dataset_transform, download=True)
test_set = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root="./dataset", train=False, transform=dataset_transform, download=True)
writer = SummaryWriter("CIFAR10_logs")
for i in range(10):
img, target = test_set[i]
writer.add_image("test_set", img, i)结果：
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