OpenGl第九章 光照贴图

//LightingMaps
#include "Shader.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>

void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);

// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800; //定义屏幕空间的大小
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

// camera
glm::vec3 cameraPos = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f);
glm::vec3 cameraFront = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
glm::vec3 cameraUp = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

bool firstMouse = true;
float yaw = -90.0f;	// 偏航初始化为-90.0度，因为偏航为0.0会导致指向右边的方向向量，所以我们最初向左旋转了一点。 
float pitch = 0.0f; //初始化俯仰角
float lastX = 800.0f / 2.0;//为了把初始位置设置为屏幕中心所以取屏幕空间大小的一半
float lastY = 600.0 / 2.0;
float fov = 45.0f;//初始的视场角

// timing
float deltaTime = 0.0f;	// time between current frame and last frame
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

//glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);

void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
float vertices[] = {
    // positions          // normals           // texture coords
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,

     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,

    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,

    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f
};
//定义一个vec3类型的数组来存位移矩阵
glm::vec3 cubePositions[] = {
glm::vec3(0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
glm::vec3(2.0f,  5.0f, -15.0f),
glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
glm::vec3(2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
glm::vec3(-1.7f,  3.0f, -7.5f),
glm::vec3(1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(1.5f,  2.0f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(1.5f,  0.2f, -1.5f),
glm::vec3(-1.3f,  1.0f, -1.5f)
};
int main()
{
    //Glfw:初始化和配置
    // ------------------------------
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

#ifdef __APPLE__
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif

    //glfw窗口创建
    // --------------------
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);//使用定义的屏幕空间的大小
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);


    //首先我们要告诉GLFW，它应该隐藏光标，并捕捉(Capture)它。
    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    //加载所有OpenGL函数指针
    // ---------------------------------------
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 配置全局opengl状态
    // -----------------------------
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    // 构建并编译我们的shader程序
    // ------------------------------------
    Shader ourShader("shaderSampler.vs", "shaderSampler.fs");
    Shader modelShader("LightingMaps.vs", "LightingMaps.fs");
    Shader lightShader("lightShader.vs", "lightShader.fs");

    //建立和编译顶点数据(和缓冲区)，配置顶点属性  
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------

    unsigned int VBO, VAO,VAO2;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

 
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    //位置属性
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
  
    //之后在顶点着色器layout (location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;//告诉GPU位置1的属性


    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO2);
    glBindVertexArray(VAO2);
    //glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    //位置属性
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    //法线属性
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

    // 加载并创建一个纹理
    // -------------------------
    unsigned int texture1, texture2;
    // texture 1
    // ---------
    glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
    // 设置纹理wrapping参数 
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    // 设置纹理filtering参数 
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    //加载图像，创建纹理和生成mipmaps  //多级原理纹理
    int width, height, nrChannels;
    stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true); // 告诉stb_image.h在y轴上翻转已加载的纹理。
                                            //为什么需要翻转Y轴是因为纹理图片开始位置是右上而我们顶点的坐标（0，0）点是左下
    unsigned char* data = stbi_load("container2.png", &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
    if (data)
    {
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to load texture" << std::endl;
    }
    stbi_image_free(data);
    // texture 2
    // ---------
    glGenTextures(1, &texture2);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
    // 设置纹理wrapping参数
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    // 设置纹理filtering参数 
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    // load image, create texture and generate mipmaps
    //data = stbi_load(("aotu.jpg"), &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
    //data = stbi_load(("shanshui.jpg"), &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
    data = stbi_load(("container2_specular.png"), &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
    if (data)
    {
        //如果没有贴图请优先注意这个RGBA中的alpha(A)通道 如果你的贴图有alpha通道请务必使用RGBA模式否则无法显示贴图      
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to load texture" << std::endl;
    }
    stbi_image_free(data);

    // 为每个采样器告诉opengl它属于哪个纹理单元(只需要做一次)  
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    modelShader.use();
    modelShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
    modelShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);

   // ourShader.setVec3("lightPos", lightPos);
    //渲染循环
    // -----------
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
        deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
        lastFrame = currentFrame;
        // -----
        processInput(window);

        // 渲染
        // ------
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // 清除上一帧的颜色缓冲 以及 深度测试缓冲

        // bind textures on corresponding texture units
       

        //激活着色器
        float angle = 20.0f * 0 * (float)glfwGetTime();//给一个glfwGetTime让模型旋转起来

       
        glm::mat4 projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        glm::mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        glm::vec3 lightPos = glm::vec3(cubePositions[2]);//光源位置
 
        ourShader.use();
        projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), 800.0f / 600.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);//投影矩阵 参数：视口大小,屏幕宽高比，以及near和far
        view = glm::lookAt(cameraPos, cameraPos+cameraFront, cameraUp);//lookAt矩阵  参数：摄像机位置 ,观察目标的位置 ,竖直向上的方向
        model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[0]);//把数组传进去给每一个新建的模型在世界坐标下有不同的位移
        model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
        

        lightShader.use();
        lightPos.x = 1.0f + sin(glfwGetTime()) * 2.0f;
        lightPos.y = sin(glfwGetTime() / 2.0f) * 1.0f;
        model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);//把数组传进去给每一个新建的模型在世界坐标下有不同的位移
        angle = 20.0f * 2 * (float)glfwGetTime();//给一个glfwGetTime让模型旋转起来
        model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle) * 0, glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
        lightShader.setMat4("model", model);
        lightShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightShader.setMat4("view", view);
       
        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        modelShader.use();        
        model = glm::mat4(1.0f);        
        model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[0]);//把数组传进去给每一个新建的模型在世界坐标下有不同的位移
        angle = 20.0f * 1 * (float)glfwGetTime();//给一个glfwGetTime让模型旋转起来
        model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle)*0, glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f));//rotate 模型位置 旋转角 旋转轴
        modelShader.setMat4("model", model);//设置模型变换矩阵
        modelShader.setMat4("projection", projection);//设置投影变化矩阵
        modelShader.setMat4("view", view);//设置视图变化矩阵
        modelShader.setVec3("objectColor",1,0.5,0.5);//设置物体的颜色
        modelShader.setVec3("lightColor", 1, 1, 1);//设置光源的颜色当然也可以设置一个uniform来设置变量进行设置
        modelShader.setVec3("lightPos", lightPos);//设置光源位置
        modelShader.setVec3("viewPos", cameraPos);//将相机的位置设置为观察位置

        //设置材质的每个分量
        //modelShader.setVec3("material.ambient", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
       // modelShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
        //modelShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
        modelShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);
       
        modelShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        modelShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // 将光照调暗了一些以搭配场景
        modelShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        modelShader.setVec3("light.position", lightPos);
        glm::vec3 lightColor;
        lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f);
        lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f);
        lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f);

        glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor * glm::vec3(0.5f); // 降低影响
        glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2f); // 很低的影响

        modelShader.setVec3("light.ambient", ambientColor);
        modelShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor);
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);

        glBindVertexArray(VAO2);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

  

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}


void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);


    float cameraSpeed = 5.5f * deltaTime;; // adjust accordingly
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos += cameraSpeed * cameraFront;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos -= cameraSpeed * cameraFront;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos -= glm::normalize(glm::cross(cameraFront, cameraUp)) * cameraSpeed;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos += glm::normalize(glm::cross(cameraFront, cameraUp)) * cameraSpeed;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_SPACE) == GLFW_PRESS)//这里给了一个空格键使我们可以在Y轴上移动
        cameraPos += cameraUp * cameraSpeed;

    //cameraPos.y = 0.0f;
    //可以通过把Y方向上的向量设置为0来使他成为一个FPS类型的摄像机只能在XZ平面上移动

}

void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xposIn, double yposIn)
{
    float xpos = static_cast<float>(xposIn);
    float ypos = static_cast<float>(yposIn);

    // 这个bool变量初始时是设定为true的
    //我们在一开始的时候需要把他设为屏幕的中心点
    //如果不这样干 程序一开始就会调用回调函数指向你鼠标进去的时候所在屏幕的位置
    //这样就离中心点很远了
    if (firstMouse)
    {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    //然后在鼠标的回调函数中我们计算当前帧和上一帧鼠标位置的偏移量：
    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // y坐标是从下到上  
    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    float sensitivity = 0.1f; // sensitivity这个值可以随便设置
    xoffset *= sensitivity;
    yoffset *= sensitivity;

    yaw += xoffset;
    pitch += yoffset;

    // 为了保证摄像机不会整个翻车
    if (pitch > 89.0f)
        pitch = 89.0f;
    if (pitch < -89.0f)
        pitch = -89.0f;

    //在xz平面上看向Y轴
    //这里我们只更新了y值，仔细观察x和z分量也被影响了。从三角形中我们可以看到它们的值等于：
    //direction.x = cos(glm::radians(pitch));
    //direction.y = sin(glm::radians(pitch)); // 注意我们先把角度转为弧度
    //direction.z = cos(glm::radians(pitch));//这里Y轴更新确实会影响到Z轴但是不是很懂为什么直接等于cos(pitch)
    // 
    //
    //
    //这里我们只更新了y值，仔细观察x和z分量也被影响了。从三角形中我们可以看到它们的值等于：
    //direction.x = cos(glm::radians(yaw));
    //direction.y =1 // Y不变
    //direction.z = sin(glm::radians(yaw));
    // 
    //下面的等式相当于是先俯仰角的旋转变换完成之后再乘以这个偏航角
    //把上面两步合起来
    glm::vec3 front;
    front.x = cos(glm::radians(yaw)) * cos(glm::radians(pitch));
    front.y = sin(glm::radians(pitch));
    front.z = sin(glm::radians(yaw)) * cos(glm::radians(pitch));
    cameraFront = glm::normalize(front);
}

// glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
    //yoffset就是我们滚轮竖直滚动的方向
    if (fov >= 1.0f && fov <= 45.0f)
        fov -= yoffset;
    //为他设定一个边界 在1到45之间
    if (fov < 1.0f)
        fov = 1.0f;
    if (fov > 45.0f)
        fov = 45.0f;
}

//LightingMap.fs
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;

struct Material {
    sampler2D diffuse;
    sampler2D specular;    
    float shininess;
}; 

struct Light {
    vec3 position;

    vec3 ambient;
    vec3 diffuse;
    vec3 specular;
};

in vec3 FragPos;  
in vec3 Normal;  
in vec2 TexCoords;
  
uniform vec3 viewPos;
uniform Material material;
uniform Light light;

void main()
{
    // ambient
    vec3 ambient = light.ambient * texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords).rgb;
  	
    // diffuse 
    vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
    vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - FragPos);
    float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
    vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords).rgb;  
    
    // specular
    vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
    vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);  
    float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
    vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * texture(material.specular, TexCoords).rgb;  
        
    vec3 result = ambient + diffuse + specular;
    FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
} 

//LightingMap.vs
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;
layout (location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoords;

out vec3 FragPos;
out vec3 Normal;
out vec2 TexCoords;

uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;

void main()
{
    FragPos = vec3(model * vec4(aPos, 1.0));
    Normal = mat3(transpose(inverse(model))) * aNormal;  
    TexCoords = aTexCoords;
    
    gl_Position = projection * view * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
}