Linux字符设备驱动编写的框架

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-03 23:04:25 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-05-03 23:04:25 发布

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分类专栏： linux内核与驱动

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44194231/article/details/106712009

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1.1第一种字符驱动模板：

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>

MODULE_LICENSE ("GPL");

struct cdev  myuart;
struct file_operations  var;

#define CHRDEV_MAJOR 201		
#define CHRDEV_MINOR 2		
#define CHRDEV_NAME "chrdev"	

dev_t dev_id;		

static int chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)		
{
	printk(KERN_INFO "chrdev_open run");
	return 0;
}

static int chrdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	printk(KERN_INFO "chrdev_close run");
	return 0;
}

static int  __init hello_init (void)
{
        int ret = 0;
        int ret1 = 0;

        dev_id = MKDEV(CHRDEV_MAJOR, CHRDEV_MINOR);  
        ret = register_chrdev_region(dev_id, 1 , CHRDEV_NAME);
        if(ret == -1) 
        {
             printk(KERN_INFO "dev_id = %d can't use \n",CHRDEV_MAJOR);
             ret1 = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_id, CHRDEV_MINOR, 1, CHRDEV_NAME);
             if(ret1 == -1)
             {
                  printk(KERN_INFO "dev_id error \n");
                  return -1;
             }
             else
             {
                  printk(KERN_INFO "major = %d \n", MAJOR(dev_id));
             }   
        }
        else
        {
            printk(KERN_INFO "major = %d can use \n",CHRDEV_MAJOR);
        }

        var.open = chrdev_open;
        var.release = chrdev_close;

        cdev_init(&myuart,&var);
 
        cdev_add(&myuart,dev_id,1);

		return 0;
}

static void  __exit hello_exit (void)
{
      unregister_chrdev_region(dev_id, 1);
      cdev_del(&myuart);
}

module_init (hello_init);
module_exit (hello_exit);

1.2第二种字符驱动模板

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>

MODULE_LICENSE ("GPL");

#define CHRDEV_MAJOR 201		
#define CHRDEV_MINOR 2			
#define CHRDEV_NAME "chrdev"	

struct cdev mycdev;

dev_t dev_id;		

static int chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)		
{
	printk(KERN_INFO "chrdev_open run");
	return 0;
}

static int chrdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	printk(KERN_INFO "chrdev_close run");
	return 0;
}

static struct file_operations ops = 
{
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.open = chrdev_open,
	.release = chrdev_close,
};

static int  __init hello_init (void)
{
	int ret = 0;
	int ret1 = 0;

	mycdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
	cdev_init(&mycdev,&ops);
	dev_id = MKDEV(CHRDEV_MAJOR, CHRDEV_MINOR);  
	ret = register_chrdev_region(dev_id, 1 , CHRDEV_NAME);
	if(ret == -1) 
	{
		printk(KERN_INFO "dev_id = %d can't use \n",CHRDEV_MAJOR);
		ret1 = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_id, CHRDEV_MINOR, 1, CHRDEV_NAME);
		if(ret1 == -1)
		{
			printk(KERN_INFO "dev_id error \n");
			return -1;
		}
		else
		{
			printk(KERN_INFO "major = %d \n", MAJOR(dev_id));
		}   
	}
	else
	{
		printk(KERN_INFO "major = %d can use \n",CHRDEV_MAJOR);
		cdev_add(&mycdev, dev_id, 1);
	}

	return 0;
}

static void  __exit hello_exit (void)
{
      unregister_chrdev_region(dev_id, 1);
	  cdev_del(&mycdev);
}

module_init (hello_init);
module_exit (hello_exit);

2.测试文件

#include "stdio.h"
#include "fcntl.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "unistd.h"
int main()
{
    int fd;
loop:
    fd  = open("./dev",O_RDWR,0777);
    if(fd == -1)
    {
        printf("open error\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("open success\n");
    sleep(5);
    close(fd);
    printf("close success\n");
    sleep(5);
    goto loop;
    return 0;
}

3.makefile文件

ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

#KERNELDIR ?= /home/lht/kernel2.6/linux-2.6.14

KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules
PWD := $(shell pwd)

modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

modules_install:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

clean:
	rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions Module* module* 

.PHONY: modules modules_install clean

else
    obj-m := hello.o
endif

1.先执行一下make,可以在设置设备号之前先用cat /proc/devices查看已经被使用的设备号
2.使用insmod hello.ko将驱动程序加载到内核中
3.使用mknod ./dev c 201 2创建一个设备文件
3.执行测试文件并使用demeg查看内核输出的结果验证是否正确
4.注意切换到root用户下进行
4.如果显示文件打开失败注意查看设备号是否匹配

4.函数详解：

 1. 驱动程序相关的shell命令：
 	insmod *.ko		将驱动程序加载到内核中
 	rmmod *.ko		将驱动程序移除出内核
 	lsmod			查看内核中的模块信息
 	dmesg			查看内核的打印信息（printk打印的信息）
 2.驱动程序框架函数：
 	module_init()		驱动模块加载函数，insmod 命令会调用驱动程序的module_init
 	module_exit()		驱动模块卸载函数，rmmod 命令会调用驱动程序的module_exit
 3.管理字符设备的结构体：
 	struct cdev
	{
		struct kobject kobj;
		struct module *owner;		//表示驱动设备的属主
		const struct file_operations *ops;		//包含字符设备的主体代码，含有很多的函数指针
		struct list_head list;
		dev_t dev;		//字符设备的设备号
		unsigned int count;
	};
4.struct file_operations 结构体的主要内容：
	如果报错尝试在*后面添加一个变量名
	struct file_operations
	{
		struct module *owner;
		loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
		ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
		ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t);
		ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
		ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t);
		int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
		unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
		int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
		int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
		int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
		int (*flush) (struct file *);
		int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
		int (*fsync) (struct file *, struct dentry *, int datasync);
		int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
		int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
		int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
		ssize_t (*readv) (struct file *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t *);
		ssize_t (*writev) (struct file *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t *); 	
		ssize_t (*sendfile) (struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, read_actor_t, void *);																   
		ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
		unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long,
		unsigned long, unsigned long);
		int (*check_flags)(int); int (*dir_notify)(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg);
	}
5.设备号相关函数：
	(1) MKDEV：将一个主设备号和一个次设备号合并成一个32数,MKDEV(major,minor);
	(2) MAJOR：将一个32 位的数提取高12 位，获得主设备号,MAJOR(dev_id);
	(3) MINOR：将一个32 位的数提取低20 位，获得次设备号,MINOR(dev_id);
	(4) int register_chrdev_region(dev_t dev, unsigned int count, char *name)。
		功能：向内核注册设备号。
		参数：dev 为要检测的设备号；count 为要检测的设备数量；name 为要检测的设备名称。
		返回值：成功返回0，出错返回-1。
	(5) unregister_chrdev_region (dev_t dev, unsigned int number_of_devices)。
		功能：向内核注销设备号。
		参数：dev 为要注销的设备号；number_of_devices 为要注销的设备数量。
		返回值：成功返回0，出错返回-1。
	(5) alloc_chrdev_region (dev_t *dev, unsigned int minor, unsigned intnumber_of_devices, char*name)。
		功能：向内核申请动态分配设备号。
		参数：dev 接收内核动态分配设备号指针；minor 为指定分配设备的次设备号值；number_of_devices 为设备数量；name 为要检测的设备名称。
		返回值：成功返回0，出错返回-1。
6.cdev结构体操作函数：
	(1) void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *op)
		功能：初始化cdev 结构体成员ops，等价于：mycdev.ops=myfile_operation。
		参数：cdev 为要加载的cdev 结构体对象指针；op 为struct file_operations 对象指针。
	(2) struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
		功能：动态分配空间，在定义struct cdev 指针对象时使用，相当于应用程序空间的malloc函数。
		返回值：成功返回cdev 结构体对象指针，出错返回NULL。
	(3) int cdev_add(struct cdev *cdev, dev_t dev, unsigned int number_of_devices)。
		功能：初始化cdev 结构体成员：dev，同时将struct cdev 对象加载到内核中。
		参数：cdev 为要加载的cdev 结构体对象指针；dev 为设备号；number_of_devices 为设备的数量
		返回值：成功返回0，出错返回-1。
	(4) void cdev_del(struct cdev *cdev)。
		功能：将struct cdev 对象从内核中卸载。
		参数：cdev 为要加载的cdev 结构体对象指针。