Python学习笔记——类

1、创建类以及用类创建对象

class Dog:
    """模拟小狗类"""
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        """初始化属性name和age"""
        self.name = name;
        self.age = age;

    def sit(self):
        """蹲下"""
        print(f"{self.name} is sitting!");

    def roll(self):
        """打滚"""
        print(f"{self.name} is rolling!");

mydog = Dog('Tom',22);
mydog.sit();
mydog.roll();
#运行结果：
Tom is sitting!
Tom is rolling!

注意init两边的下划线（长下划线，英文状态下两个下划线）

2、继承

class Car:
    """汽车类"""
    def __init__(self,name,model,year):
        """创建汽车类"""
        self.name = name;
        self.model = model;
        self.year = year;
        self.odometer_reading = 100;

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        """获取完整的汽车名字"""
        long_name = f"{self.name} {self.model} {self.year}";
        return long_name;

    def update_odometer(self,number):
        """更新里程"""
        if number >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = number;
        else:
            print("You can't roll back the odometer!")

    def increase_odometer(self,number):
        """累加里程"""
        self.odometer_reading += number;

    def read_odometer(self):
        """读取里程"""
        print(self.odometer_reading);

class Electric_car(Car):
    """电动汽车类"""
    def __init__(self,name,model,year):
        """初始化父类属性"""
        super().__init__(name,model,year);

my_tesla = Electric_car('Tesla','S','2021');
my_tesla.read_odometer();
#运行结果：
100

3、random中的randint()和choice() python标准库
（1）randint() 参数为两个整数，产生位于这里按个数之间（包括这两个数）的随机数

from random import randint
print(randint(1,6));
#运行结果：
3

（2）choice() 使用列表或元组座位参数，随机返回其中一个元素

from random import choice
cars = ['bmw','audi','benz'];
car = choice(cars);
print(f"The random car is {car}.");
#运行结果：
The random car is bmw.