Select网络模型
Select模型属于IO多路复用模型的一种，select使用一个socket数组来存放连接的socket。select会监视数组中所有的socket，可以知道哪些socket可读或者可写，从而避免无效操作（例如去读取不可读的socket，而在select中可以先查询该socket是否可读）。这样多个socket的IO操作能在一个线程内并发交替完成，这就是IO多路复用（复用同一个线程）。
使用select模型实现的简单服务端与客户端
服务端代码
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
//#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#include<windows.h>
#include<WinSock2.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<WS2tcpip.h>
#include<vector>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")//windows下调用动态库
using std::vector;
enum CMD
{
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN,
CMD_ERROR
};
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLen;
short cmd;
};
struct Login : public DataHeader
{
Login() {
dataLen = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
}
char userName[32];
char password[32];
};
struct LoginResult : public DataHeader
{
LoginResult() {
dataLen = sizeof(LoginResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
}
int result = 1;
};
struct LogOut : public DataHeader
{
LogOut() {
dataLen = sizeof(LogOut);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
}
char userName[32];
};
struct LogOutResult : public DataHeader
{
LogOutResult() {
dataLen = sizeof(LogOutResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
}
int result = 1;
};
struct NewUserJoin : public DataHeader
{
NewUserJoin() {
dataLen = sizeof(NewUserJoin);
cmd = CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN;
}
int result = 1;
int sockID;
};
void sendToAll(vector<SOCKET> clients, NewUserJoin newUser) {
for (auto item : clients) {
send(item, (const char*)&newUser, sizeof(NewUserJoin), 0);
}
}
int processCmd(SOCKET _cSock) {
DataHeader header = {};
//5.接收请求
int nLen = recv(_cSock, (char*)&header, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
if (nLen <= 0) {
printf("客户端%d已退出\n", int(_cSock));
return -1;
}
//6.处理请求,7.send 向客户端发送数据
if (header.cmd == CMD_LOGIN) {
Login login = {};
recv(_cSock, (char*)&login + sizeof(DataHeader), sizeof(Login) - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
printf("接收客户端=%d到命令: CMD_LOGIN 数据长度: %d\n", int(_cSock), login.dataLen);
printf("客户端=%d用户%s登录成功\n", int(_cSock), login.userName);
LoginResult loginRet;
send(_cSock, (char*)&loginRet, sizeof(LoginResult), 0);
}
else if (header.cmd == CMD_LOGOUT) {
LogOut logOut = {};
recv(_cSock, (char*)&logOut + sizeof(DataHeader), sizeof(LogOut) - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
printf("接收到客户端=%d命令: CMD_LOGOUT 数据长度: %d\n", int(_cSock), logOut.dataLen);
printf("客户端=%d用户%s退出成功\n", int(_cSock), logOut.userName);
LogOutResult logOutRet;
send(_cSock, (char*)&logOutRet, sizeof(LogOutResult), 0);
}
else {
header.cmd = CMD_ERROR;
header.dataLen = 0;
send(_cSock, (char*)&header, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
//存放客户端socket
std::vector<SOCKET> clients;
//启动windows网络环境
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
//
//1.建立socket
SOCKET _sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(8888);
//_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //INADDR_ANY默认地址
char strIp[] = "127.0.0.1";
inet_pton(AF_INET, strIp, &_sin.sin_addr); //使用inet_pton替代inet_addr
//2.bind绑定用于客户端连接的网络端口
if (SOCKET_ERROR == bind(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(_sin)))
{
printf("绑定失败\n");
}
else {
printf("绑定成功\n");
}
//3.listen 监听绑定的端口
if (SOCKET_ERROR == listen(_sock, 5))
{
printf("监听失败\n");
}
else {
printf("监听成功\n");
}
while (true)
{
//伯克利socket
//fd_set 存放socket的集合
fd_set fdsRead, fdsWrite, fdsExp;
//清空
FD_ZERO(&fdsRead);
FD_ZERO(&fdsWrite);
FD_ZERO(&fdsExp);
//放入
FD_SET(_sock, &fdsRead);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdsWrite);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdsExp);
for (auto item : clients) {
FD_SET(item, &fdsRead);
}
//nfds是指fd_set集合中所有socket的范围，不是数量。Windows中该参数可写0。
timeval time = { 1, 0 };
//int ret = select(_sock+1, &fdsRead, &fdsWrite, &fdsExp, NULL);
//非阻塞模式
int ret = select(_sock+1, &fdsRead, &fdsWrite, &fdsExp, &time);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("select结束\n");
break;
}
//判断socket是否在set中
if (FD_ISSET(_sock, &fdsRead)) {
FD_CLR(_sock, &fdsRead);
//4.accept 等待连接
sockaddr_in clientAddr = {};
char IPdotdec[20];//存放点分十进制IP地址
int nAddrLen = sizeof(sockaddr_in);
SOCKET _cSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
_cSock = accept(_sock, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &nAddrLen);
if (_cSock == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("接收到无效客户端SOCKET\n");
}
else
{
NewUserJoin newUser;
newUser.sockID = int(_cSock);
//向其他已有客户端发消息
sendToAll(clients, newUser);
clients.push_back(_cSock);
printf("有客户端连接到服务器:Sock = %d,IP = %s \n", (int)_cSock, inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clientAddr.sin_addr, IPdotdec, 16));//使用inet_ntop替代ntoa
}
}
printf("服务端空闲中\n");
for (size_t n = 0; n < fdsRead.fd_count; ++n) {
if (-1 == processCmd(fdsRead.fd_array[n])) {
auto iter = find(clients.begin(), clients.end(), fdsRead.fd_array[n]);
if (iter != clients.end()) {
clients.erase(iter);
}
}
}
}
//8.关闭socket
for (auto item : clients) {
closesocket(item);
}
closesocket(_sock);
//
WSACleanup();
printf("Sever程序结束");
getchar();
return 0;
}
客户端代码
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
//#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#include<windows.h>
#include<WinSock2.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<WS2tcpip.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")//windows下调用动态库
enum CMD
{
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN,
CMD_ERROR
};
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLen;
short cmd;
};
struct Login : public DataHeader
{
Login() {
dataLen = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
}
char userName[32];
char password[32];
};
struct LoginResult : public DataHeader
{
LoginResult() {
dataLen = sizeof(LoginResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
}
int result = 1;
};
struct LogOut : public DataHeader
{
LogOut() {
dataLen = sizeof(LogOut);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
}
char userName[32];
};
struct LogOutResult : public DataHeader
{
LogOutResult() {
dataLen = sizeof(LogOutResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
}
int result = 1;
};
struct NewUserJoin : public DataHeader
{
NewUserJoin() {
dataLen = sizeof(NewUserJoin);
cmd = CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN;
}
int result = 1;
int sockID;
};
int processCmd(SOCKET _cSock) {
DataHeader header = {};
//5.接收请求
int nLen = recv(_cSock, (char*)&header, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
if (nLen <= 0) {
printf("与服务器断开连接，processCmd任务结束\n");
return -1;
}
//6.处理请求,7.send 向客户端发送数据
if (header.cmd == CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN) {
NewUserJoin newUser = {};
recv(_cSock, (char*)&newUser + sizeof(DataHeader), sizeof(NewUserJoin) - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
printf("接收到服务器数据长度: %d，新客户端%d已连接\n", newUser.dataLen, newUser.sockID);
}
else if (header.cmd == CMD_LOGIN_RESULT) {
LoginResult loginResult = {};
recv(_cSock, (char*)&loginResult + sizeof(DataHeader), sizeof(loginResult) - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
printf("接收到服务端命令: CMD_LOGIN_RESULT数据长度: %d\n", loginResult.dataLen);
}
else if (header.cmd == CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT) {
LogOutResult logOutResult = {};
recv(_cSock, (char*)&logOutResult + sizeof(DataHeader), sizeof(logOutResult) - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
printf("接收到服务端命令: CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT数据长度: %d\n", logOutResult.dataLen);
}
else {
header.cmd = CMD_ERROR;
header.dataLen = 0;
send(_cSock, (char*)&header, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
bool loginSignal = true;
//启动windows网络环境
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
//
//1.建立socket
SOCKET _sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (INVALID_SOCKET == _sock) {
printf("error, failed to build socket\n");
}
else {
printf("successfully build socket\n");
}
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(8888);
//_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //INADDR_ANY默认地址
char strIp[] = "127.0.0.1";
inet_pton(AF_INET, strIp, &_sin.sin_addr); //使用inet_pton替代inet_addr
//2.连接服务器
int connectRet = connect(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(sockaddr_in));
if (INVALID_SOCKET == connectRet) {
printf("连接服务器失败\n");
}
else {
printf("连接服务器成功\n");
}
char cmdBuf[128] = {};
while (true) {
//伯克利socket
//fd_set 存放socket的集合
fd_set fdsRead;
//清空
FD_ZERO(&fdsRead);
//放入
FD_SET(_sock, &fdsRead);
timeval time = { 1, 0 };
int ret = select(_sock, &fdsRead, 0, 0, &time);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("select任务结束");
break;
}
if (FD_ISSET(_sock, &fdsRead)) {
FD_CLR(_sock, &fdsRead);
if (-1 == processCmd(_sock)) {
printf("select结束\n");
break;
}
}
printf("客户端空闲中\n");
if (loginSignal) {
Login login;
strcpy_s(login.userName, "zhangwei");
strcpy_s(login.password, "123");
send(_sock, (const char*)&login, sizeof(login), 0);
loginSignal = false;
}
Sleep(1000);
}
//7.关闭socket
closesocket(_sock);
//
WSACleanup();
printf("Client程序结束");
getchar();
return 0;
}
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