OpenCV中自带已训练好的检测器,包括面部,眼睛,猫脸等,都保存在XML文件中,我们可以通过以下程序找到他们:
import cv2 as cv
print(cv.__file__)
找到的文件如下所示:
opencv中人脸识别的流程是:
-
读取图片,并转换成灰度图
-
实例化人脸和眼睛检测的分类器对象
# 实例化级联分类器
classifier =cv.CascadeClassifier( "haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml" )
# 加载分类器
classifier.load('haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
- 进行人脸和眼睛的检测
rect = classifier.detectMultiScale(gray, scaleFactor, minNeighbors, minSize,maxsize)
参数:
- Gray: 要进行检测的人脸图像
- scaleFactor: 前后两次扫描中,搜索窗口的比例系数
- minneighbors:目标至少被检测到minNeighbors次才会被认为是目标
- minsize和maxsize: 目标的最小尺寸和最大尺寸
- 将检测结果绘制出来。
在图片中对人脸进行检测:
import cv2 as cv
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 1.以灰度图的形式读取图片
img = cv.imread("img.png")
gray = cv.cvtColor(img, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 2.实例化OpenCV人脸和眼睛识别的分类器
face_cas = cv.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml")
face_cas.load('haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
eyes_cas = cv.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_eye.xml")
eyes_cas.load("haarcascade_eye.xml")
# 3.调用识别人脸
faceRects = face_cas.detectMultiScale(gray, scaleFactor=1.2, minNeighbors=3, minSize=(32, 32))
for faceRect in faceRects:
x, y, w, h = faceRect
# 框出人脸
cv.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x + h, y + w), (0, 255, 0), 3)
# 4.在识别出的人脸中进行眼睛的检测
roi_color = img[y:y+h, x:x+w]
roi_gray = gray[y:y+h, x:x+w]
eyes = eyes_cas.detectMultiScale(roi_gray)
for (ex, ey, ew, eh) in eyes:
cv.rectangle(roi_color, (ex, ey), (ex+ew, ey+eh), (0, 255, 0), 2)
# 5. 检测结果的绘制
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6), dpi=100)
plt.imshow(img[:, :, ::-1]),
plt.title('检测结果')
plt.xticks([]),
plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
在摄像头中对人脸进行检测:
import cv2 as cv
# 1.读取摄像头
cap = cv.VideoCapture(0)
# 2.在每一帧数据中进行人脸识别
while(cap.isOpened()):
ret, frame = cap.read()
if ret==True:
gray = cv.cvtColor(frame, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 3.实例化OpenCV人脸识别的分类器
face_cas = cv.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml")
face_cas.load('haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
# 4.调用识别人脸
faceRects = face_cas.detectMultiScale(gray, scaleFactor=1.2, minNeighbors=3, minSize=(32, 32))
for faceRect in faceRects:
x, y, w, h = faceRect
# 框出人脸
cv.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + h, y + w), (0, 255, 0), 3)
cv.imshow("frame", frame)
if cv.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
break
# 5. 释放资源
cap.release()
cv.destroyAllWindows()
文件名 | 功能 |
---|---|
haarcascade_lefteye_2splits.xml | 可用来检测睁开或闭着的眼睛 |
haarcascade_eye.xml | 可用来检测睁开或闭着的眼睛 |
haarcascade_eye_tree_eyeglasses.xml | 仅在带被检测者戴眼镜时方可检测 |
haarcascade_frontalcatface | 猫脸检测 |
haarcascade_frontalcatface_extended | 猫脸检测 |
haarcascade_smile | 微笑检测 |
haarcascade_upperbody | 人体上半部分检测 |
haarcascade_russian_plate_number.xml | 俄罗斯车牌识别 |
haarcascade_righteye_2splits | 用于进行人脸和人眼检测 |
haarcascade_profileface | 侧脸检测 |
haarcascade_lowerbody | 身体下半部分检测 |
licence_plate_rus_16stages | 俄罗斯汽车牌照检测 |
haarcascade_fullbody | 人体全身检测 |
haarcascade_frontalface_default | 人脸识别 |
haarcascade_frontalface_alt2 | 人脸识别 |
haarcascade_frontalface_alt_tree | 人脸识别 |
haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml | 人脸识别 |
haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml下载:
https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/master/data/haarcascades
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import time
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
ret = cap.set(3, 640) # 设置帧宽
ret = cap.set(4, 480) # 设置帧高
font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX # 设置字体样式
face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('/home/pi/Desktop/haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
class FaceDetector():
def __init__(self):
self.start_video()
def api_init(self):
print("process start")
def start_video(self):
while cap.isOpened():
ret, frame = cap.read()
src = frame.copy()
result = frame.copy()
gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 5)
for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
result = cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
if faces is not None:
if len(faces) == 1:
(fx, fy, fw, fh) = faces[0]
target_face_x = fx + fw / 2
offset_x = target_face_x - 640 / 2
offset_x = -offset_x
cv2.imshow("result", result)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
if __name__ == '__main__':
face_detector = FaceDetector()