影响深远的英美思想家-Araham Lincoln

Abraham Linclon (February 12, 1809-April 15, 1865) served as the 16th President of the United Stated from March 1861 until his assassination(暗杀) in April 1865. He successfully led his country through its greatest interal(内部的) crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery. Before his election in 1869 as the first Republican president,Lincoln had been a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, a member of the United States House(美国众议院) of Representatives,and twice an unsuccessful candidate for election to the U.S.Senate(参议院). Asan outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery in the United State, Lincoln won the Republican Party nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year. His tenure in the office was occupied primarily with the defeat of secessionist(分离主义者) Confedrate States of America in the American Civil War. He introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, issuing his Emancipation Proclamation(解放黑人奴隶宣言) in the 1863 and promoting the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Consitution(第十三次宪法修正案). Six days after the large-scale surrender of Confederate forces under General Robert E.Lee, Lincoln became the first American president to be assassinated.
After Lee surrendered, Lincoln immediately began efforts towards reuniting the nation. He lifted the blockade and urged his Cabinet(内阁) members to turn their thoughts to peace-and-away from further bloodshed and any desire for vengence(报复). The South was not to be treated as conquered territory, and Licoln refused to consider himself a conqueror. He had long held the view that Southern states had never legally seceded(脱离) from the Union. Lincoln has consistently been ranked by scholars as one of the greatest of all U.S. Presidents.