【计算机网络】实验一 Protocol Layer

Objective

To learn how protocols and layering are represented in packets.

They are key concepts for structuring networks that are covered in §1.3 and §1.4 of your text.

Review those sections before doing the lab.

学习如何在包中表示协议和分层。

它们是构建网络的关键概念，请参见本文的§1.3和§1.4。

在做实验之前复习这些部分。

Requirements

Wireshark: This lab uses the Wireshark software tool to capture and examine a packet trace.

A packet trace is a record of traffic at a location on the network, as if a snapshot was taken of all the bits that passed across a particular wire.  

The packet trace records a timestamp for each packet, along with the bits that make up the packet, from the lower-layer headers to the higher-layer contents.

Wireshark runs on most operating systems, including Windows, Mac and Linux.

It provides a graphical UI that shows the sequence of packets and the meaning of the bits when interpreted as protocol headers and data.

It color-codes packets by their type, and has various ways to filter and analyze packets to let you investigate the behavior of network protocols.

Wireshark is widely used to troubleshoot networks.

You can download it from www.wireshark.org if it is not already installed on your computer.

We highly recommend that you watch the short, 5 minute video “Introduction to Wireshark” that is on the site.  

Wireshark：这个实验室使用Wireshark软件工具来捕获和检查包跟踪。

数据包跟踪是网络上某个位置的流量记录，就好像是对通过某条特定线路的所有位进行快照一样。

包跟踪记录每个包的时间戳，以及组成包的位，从低层头到高层内容。

Wireshark运行在大多数操作系统上，包括Windows、Mac和Linux。它提供了一个图形化的用户界面，当被解释为协议头和数据时，它显示了数据包的序列和位的含义。

它根据数据包的类型对其进行颜色编码，并有各种方法来过滤和分析数据包，以便您研究网络协议的行为。

Wireshark被广泛用于网络故障排除。

你可以从www.wireshark.org如果您的计算机上尚未安装。

我们强烈建议您观看网站上的5分钟短片“Wireshark简介”。

wget / curl: This lab uses wget (Linux and Windows) and curl (Mac) to fetch web resources.

wget and curl are command-line programs that let you fetch a URL.

Unlike a web browser, which fetches and executes entire pages, wget and curl give you control over exactly which URLs you fetch and when you fetch them.  

Under Linux, wget can be installed via your package manager.

Under Windows, wget is available as a binary; look for download information on http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/.

Under Mac, curl comes installed with the OS. Both have many options (try “wget --help” or “curl --help” to see) but a URL can be fetched simply with “wget URL” or “curl URL ”.

wget/curl：这个实验室使用wget（Linux和Windows）和curl（Mac）来获取web资源。

wget和curl是命令行程序，允许您获取URL。

与web浏览器不同，web浏览器可以获取并执行整个页面，wget和curl可以精确控制获取哪些url以及何时获取它们。

在Linux下，wget可以通过包管理器安装。

在Windows下，wget是二进制文件；可以在http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/。

在Mac下，curl随操作系统一起安装。

两者都有很多选项（请尝试“wget--help”或“curl--help”来查看），但是URL可以通过“wget URL”或“curl URL”来获取。

 

Step 1: Capture a Trace

Proceed as follows to capture a trace of network traffic; alternatively, you may use a supplied trace. 

We want this trace to look at the protocol structure of packets.

A simple Web fetch of a URL