【计算机网络】实验四 APR

Objective

To see how ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) works.

ARP is an essential glue protocol that is used to join Ethernet and IP.

It is covered in §5.6.4 of your text.

Review the text section before doing this lab.

目的

看看ARP（地址解析协议）是如何工作的。

ARP是连接以太网和IP的一种基本的粘合协议。

您的文本中的§5.6.4包含了这一点。

在做这个实验之前复习课文部分。

Requirements

Wireshark: This lab uses the Wireshark software tool to capture and examine a packet trace. A packet trace is a record of traffic at a location on the network, as if a snapshot was taken of all the bits that passed across a particular wire.  The packet trace records a timestamp for each packet, along with the bits that make up the packet, from the lower-layer headers to the higher-layer contents. Wireshark runs on most operating systems, including Windows, Mac and Linux. It provides a graphical UI that shows the sequence of packets and the meaning of the bits when interpreted as protocol headers and data. It color-codes packets by their type, and has various ways to filter and analyze packets to let you investigate the behavior of network protocols. Wireshark is widely used to troubleshoot networks. You can download it from www.wireshark.org if it is not already installed on your computer. We highly recommend that you watch the short, 5 minute video “Introduction to Wireshark” that is on the site.  

要求

Wireshark：这个实验室使用Wireshark软件工具来捕获和检查包跟踪。数据包跟踪是网络上某个位置的流量记录，就好像是对通过某条特定线路的所有位进行快照一样。包跟踪记录每个包的时间戳，以及组成包的位，从低层头到高层内容。Wireshark运行在大多数操作系统上，包括Windows、Mac和Linux。它提供了一个图形化的用户界面，当被解释为协议头和数据时，它显示了数据包的序列和位的含义。它根据数据包的类型对其进行颜色编码，并有各种方法来过滤和分析数据包，以便您研究网络协议的行为。Wireshark被广泛用于网络故障排除。你可以从www.wireshark.org如果您的计算机上尚未安装。我们强烈建议您观看网站上的5分钟短片“Wireshark简介”。 

arp: This lab uses the “arp” command-line utility to inspect and clear the cache used by the ARP protocol on your computer.  arp is installed as part of the operating system on Windows, Linux, and Mac computers, but uses different arguments. It requires administrator privileges to clear the cache.

arp：这个实验室使用“arp”命令行实用程序检查并清除计算机上arp协议使用的缓存。arp作为操作系统的一部分安装在Windows、Linux和Mac计算机上，但是使用不同的参数。它需要管理员权限才能清除缓存。

ifconfig / ipconfig: This lab uses the “ipconfig” (Windows) or “ifconfig” (Mac/Linux) command-line utility to inspect the state of your computer’s network interface. ifconfig/ipconfig is installed as part of the operating system on Windows, Linux, and Mac computers.

ifconfig/ipconfig：这个实验室使用“ipconfig”（Windows）或“ifconfig”（Mac/Linux）命令行实用程序来检查计算机网络接口的状态。ifconfig/ipconfig作为操作系统的一部分安装在Windows、Linux和Mac计算机上。

route / netstat: This lab uses the “route” or “netstat” command-line utility to inspect the routes used by your computer. A key route is the default route (or route to prefix 0.0.0.0) that uses the default gateway to reach remote parts of the Internet.  Both “route” and “netstat” are installed as part of the operating system across Windows and Mac/Linux, but there are many variations on the command-line parameters that must be u